Page:Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography Volume 1.pdf/449

BAT created a knight of the garter. In politics, Lord Bathurst was of the high tory school. He was strongly opposed to catholic emancipation, parliamentary reform, and every liberal measure demanded by the whig party.—G. M.  BATHURST,, physician, poet, and theologian, born in 1620 at Northampton; died in 1704. He studied at Oxford, and became a surgeon in the navy under Cromwell, and was in 1668 elected president of the Royal Society in London. After the Restoration he abandoned medicine, and embraced the ecclesiastical profession. He was successively chaplain to Charles II., president of Trinity college, Oxford, and dean of Wells. In 1673 he became vice-chancellor of the university of Oxford; in 1691 he refused the bishopric of Bristol. He has left some works; amongst others, "Prælectiones tres de Respiratione," Oxford, 1654. This is a very curious work; he describes respiration as a voluntary function, which depends on the action of the diaphragm and of the epigastric muscles. He supposed that the air was charged with particles which penetrate into the lungs at every breath. He was also a partisan of the doctrine of Van Hêlmont, and contended for an acid in the stomach. "News from the other World," Oxford, 1651, in 4to, is the miraculous history of one Anne Green, who was hanged at Oxford, December 14, 1650, for the crime of child-murder, and recalled to life by the aid of Bathurst and Willis, his friend. He published some Latin poems in the Analecta Musarum Anglicanarum. A collection of these works has been published under the title of "Literary Remains."—E. L.  BATHYCLES, a Greek toreutic sculptor, native of Magnesia, flourished in the sixth century ., and constructed for the town of Amyclœ, in the Peloponnesus, the throne for the statue of Diana, enriched with thirty-two reliefs, illustrating the fabulous history of Greece.—R. M.  BATINSCKOFF,, a distinguished Russian poet, born in Wologda in 1787, and educated at St. Petersburg. His earlier years were spent in the army, and he was sent as attaché to Naples in 1818, where he remained but a short, time. His poetry, severe in style and rich in thought, forms an epoch in the history of Russian literature, from the fact that he was the first poet of note who abandoned the French classical school, which had inspired the authors of Russia from the time of Catherine II. The introduction of the new life of romanticism into Russian literature, may be dated from the appearance of the poems of Batinsckoff and Giukoffski. Batinsckoff's career had a singularly unhappy close; he died in Wologda in 1855, having been for several years in a state of derangement.—M. Q.  BATMAN,, an English divine, poet, and miscellaneous writer, born in 1537 at Bruton in Somersetshire, was domestic chaplain to Archbishop Parker; and after the death of that prelate became rector of Merstham and chaplain to Henry Lord Hunsdon. Of his numerous works the following are the principal—"The Travayled Pilgrim," &c., 1569; "Joyful News out of Helvetia from Theophrastus Paracelsus, declaring the ruinate Fall of the Papal Dignity," 1575; "Golden Book of the Leaden Gods," 1577; "The Doom, warning all Men to Judgment, wherein are contained all the Strange Prodigies happened in the World," &c., 1581; "Bartholomeus his Book de Proprietatibus Rerum," 1582. Died in 1587.—J. S., G.  BATON or BATTO, a Greek sculptor, recorded by Pliny as the author of two statues of Apollo and Juno, then in Rome; and also as famed for representations of athletes, hunters, and such like subjects.—R. M.  BATON , of Sinope, a Greek rhetorician and historian, lived about 277. Author of .—"Commentaries on the Affairs of Persia;" a "History of Athens," and other works.  BATILDA,, wife of Clovis II., king of France, died in 680. She was an Anglo-Saxon by birth, and was at first a slave to a Danish nobleman. She was purchased at a trifling price by Archambaud, mayor of the French palace, and ultimately became the wife of the king. Clovis having died young, she was intrusted, during the minority of her son, Clothaire III., with the regency of the kingdom, which she governed with much wisdom and energy. In 665 she retired to the monastery of Chelles, where she spent the remainder of her life.—G. M. <section end="449H" /> <section begin="449I" />BATRACHUS and SAURUS, two Spartan architects, established in Rome at the time of Augustus, erected the portico round the temple of Juno, which was afterwards named after Octavia. and upon the frieze of which they caused frogs and lizards to be carved as symbols of their names, not having been permitted to inscribe them by means of letters.—R. M. <section end="449I" /> <section begin="449J" />BATSCH,, a German naturalist, born at Jena, 28th October, 1761, and died 29th September, 1802. He was the son of an advocate of Livonia; and after studying medicine he settled as a practitioner in Weimar, where he prosecuted also natural history. From 1787 till his death he was assistant professor of natural history and medicine at Jena, and director of the society for the advancement of natural science. Gmelin has named a genus of Boraginaceæ Batschia after him. His botanical works are numerous, including "Elenchus Fungorum;" "Account of the Plants in the Jena Garden;" "Introduction to the History of Plants;" "Botanical Observations and Conversations;" "Analytical Synopsis of the Genera of Plants;" "Elements of Botany;" "Tables of Affinities of Plants." He is also the author of works on chemistry and materia medica.—J. H. B. <section end="449J" /> <section begin="449K" />BATT,, born in Flanders, 1515; died in 1559. He was persecuted by the inquisition for having embraced Lutheranism. Author of "De Œconomia Christiana." <section end="449K" /> <section begin="449L" />BATT,, a Flemish physician of the sixteenth century. He was physician-in-ordinary to the town of Dordrecht in 1593 and 1598. He wrote "Livre de Médecine où sont décrites toutes les parties internes du corps humain, et leurs maladies depuis la tête jusqu'àux pieds, avec la maniére de les guérir," translated from the German by Christopher Wirtsung, second edition, Dordrecht, 1593 and 1601, in folio. "Pratique de la Chirurgie," translated into French by Jacques Guillaume, Dordrecht, 1590, in folio; "La Chirurgie et toutes les œuvres d'Ambroise Paré," in twenty-eight parts, with plates of anatomy, surgical instruments, monstrosities, &c., Amsterdam, 1615, folio. The engravings are on wood and are very coarse. "Livre contenant divers secrets pour les arts et pour la médecine," Amsterdam, in 18mo; "Manuel des Chirurgiens, avec le traité d'Hippocrate sur les plaies de la tête;" and that of Guillaume Fabricius de Hilden, "Sur la brulure," Amsterdam, 1653.—E. L <section end="449L" /> <section begin="449M" />BATTAGLIA, the Italian architect who, at the beginning of the seventeenth century, designed and erected the magnificent convent of Catania in Sicily. This celebrated edifice, enriched with all that art can produce, was destroyed by an eruption of Etna in 1764.—R. M. <section end="449M" /> <section begin="449N" />BATTAGLIA,. See IV. <section end="449N" /> <section begin="449O" />BATTAGLIA,, an Italian writer, born at Milan in 1605. He was on terms of intimacy with Francis, duke of Este, and preached with success through several of the towns of Italy. <section end="449O" /> <section begin="449P" />BATTEL,, an English sailor, whose adventures are related by Purchas in the second volume of his Collection on Voyages, was born in Essex about 1565. He sailed for the Rio de la Plata about 1589 on board a merchantman, which, on reaching its destination, was seized by the natives and delivered over to the Portuguese. Battel and his companions were kept in prison four months, and then transported to the Portuguese settlements in Africa. He regained his liberty early in the seventeenth century, and returned to England. The narrative of his adventures, taken from his own mouth by Purchas, is extremely curious, especially that part of it relating to his captivity in Africa.—J. S., G. <section end="449P" /> <section begin="449Q" />BATTELY,, an English divine and antiquary, born in 1647 at St. Edmundsbury, was chaplain to Archbishop Sancroft, who gave him the living of Adesham in Kent, a prebend in the church of Canterbury, and latterly made him archdeacon of the diocese. He wrote a work on the antiquities of the Isle of Thanet, entitled "Antiquitates Rutupinæ." Died in 1708. <section end="449Q" /> <section begin="449Zcontin" />BATTEN,, an English church composer of some eminence in the first half of the 17th century. He was brought up in the cathedral of Winchester, under John Holmes, the organist, and in 1614 appointed vicar-choral of Westminster abbey. In 1624 he removed to St. Paul's cathedral, where he held the same office, in addition to that of organist. The name of this composer is even now well known in all our choirs, from his short, full anthem, "Deliver us, O Lord," which has continued in use up to the present day. "Batten," says Burney, "was merely a good harmonist of the old school, without adding anything to the common stock of ideas in melody or modulation with which the art was furnished long before he was born. Nor did he correct any of the errors in accent with which former times abounded." This criticism is hardly just. Batten's anthem, "Hear my prayer," for five voices, is, in point of construction <section end="449Zcontin" />