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AUS he witnessed some of the chief operations of the war between Great Britain and the United States of America, including the attacks upon Washington, Baltimore, and New Orleans. He was successively employed, during the ensuing ten years, off the coast of Africa, and upon the Channel and South American stations, obtaining his promotion to the rank of lieutenant in 1822. In 1824, he entered upon a widely different field of service, being appointed first-lieutenant on board the Fury sloop (under Captain Hoppner), one of the vessels engaged in Captain Parry's third voyage of discovery in the Arctic seas—the main object of the undertaking, as in the case of the two prior expeditions, being the search after a "north-west passage" from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. Lieutenant Austin shared in the perils and hardships of this voyage, which proved less successful than Parry's two preceding efforts of a like description. After passing the winter of 1824-25 upon the eastern shore of Prince Regent Inlet, it became necessary, in the following summer, to abandon the Fury; her officers and crew returning to England on board the Hecla, her consort in the expedition. Subsequently, after being employed for a time in surveying-duty off the Isthmus of Panama, as well as in various duties on the Dutch, Portuguese, and Spanish coasts (obtaining his commission as captain in 1831, and attaining post-rank in 1838), the subject of our present notice served with considerable distinction upon the coast of Syria, being at the time in command of the Cyclops steam-frigate. The arms of Britain were then employed in driving the Egyptians out of Syria, with a view to the restoration of that province to the sovereign of Turkey. In this service. Captain Austin assisted (1840) at the bombardment and capture of the fortress of Jebail. He was present at the taking of Batroun, and aided in the storming of Sidon; sharing also in the triumph achieved by the British squadron before the walls of St. Jean d'Acre. Captain Austin's services on the Syrian coast were rewarded by the companionship of the Order of the Bath. After a further lapse of ten years. Captain Austin was recalled for a time to the scene of his earlier duties, being selected in 1850 to command one of the expeditions fitted out in the search after Sir John Franklin, who had then been absent from England, in pursuit of discovery in the Arctic seas, for a period of five years; during the latter portion of which time the fate of himself and his companions had become an object of anxious suspense to all classes of his countrymen. The expedition of which Captain Austin took charge consisted of two sailing vessels, the Resolute and the Assistance, accompanied by two screw steam-tenders, the Pioneer and the Intrepid. Into the details of the voyage then made by Captain Austin and his fellow officers to the Arctic shores of the American continent (many of them of a highly interesting character), our limits forbid us to enter. The whole of the vessels composing the searching squadron returned to England in the following year, after passing the winter of 1850-51 in the vicinity of Griffith Island, near the western extremity of Barrow Strait (N. lat. 74° 32´, W. long. 95° 10´). It was during the course of this voyage that the trace of Franklin's first wintering-place, after leaving England (1845-46), was found by Captain Ommaney, the officer in command of the "Assistance;" but the expedition was unsuccessful in the search after any trace of Franklin's further proceedings, notwithstanding the efforts energetically made (chiefly during the spring of 1851, and by means of sledging parties from the ships) in various directions to the westward of Barrow Strait. In the course of these endeavours, between eight and nine hundred miles of newly discovered coast were examined by the officers of the squadron under Captain Austin's command, partly in the direction of Melville Island, and partly to the south and south-west of Cape Walker (lat. 74° 6´, long. 97° 35´). During the period that the squadron under Captain Austin's orders was thus engaged, the searching expeditions under Captain Penny and Sir John Ross, R.N., as well as that sent by the American government, were engaged in similar labours, principally in the direction of Wellington channel, an extensive opening to the northward of Barrow Strait. Upon the release of his ships from the ice, with the brief summer of 1851, Captain Austin, convinced of the hopelessness of any further search in the direction towards which his efforts had already been directed, determined on returning to England, devoting on the way a brief period to the examination of Jones Sound, an estuary on the northwestern coast of Baffin Bay. An official investigation subsequently took place, before a committee appointed by the Board of Admiralty, into the joint conduct of the expeditions commanded on this occasion by Captain Austin and Mr. Penny, chiefly in reference to alleged remissness on the part of the former officer in not further following up the exploration of Wellington Channel; in which direction there prevailed on the public mind at that time, and for long afterwards, a very general impression that Franklin's course had probably been shaped. This inquiry resulted in the complete exoneration of Captain Austin from the charges preferred against him, while it showed that he had ably and honourably fulfilled the duties of a commander. The knowledge, acquired at a later period, of the probable course which Franklin and his ill-fated companions must have actually pursued, makes it, indeed, matter of deep regret that the squadron under Captain Austin's command should have returned to England, while still efficient in all respects for the prosecution of further search. But in the disregard then shown to the intervening space between the western extremity of Barrow Strait and the nearest shores of the American continent—over which we now know that our unfortunate countrymen must actually have passed—the commander of the expedition in question only shared the opinion generally entertained at the time by the most competent authorities, and expressly stated in the orders under which he sailed. Captain Austin was promoted in 1857 to the rank of rear-admiral, having filled, during a portion of the intervening period, the post of superintendent of Deptford dockyard. He died on the 16th of November, 1865.—W. H.  AUSTIN,, of St. John's College, Cambridge, and afterwards of Lincoln's Inn, London, joined the Roman catholic church, and published in 1651, under the title of "The Christian Moderator," an ingenious and well-written book in its defence, which passed through several editions in less than two years. He composed also a "Harmony of the Gospels," "a Breviary," and a number of controversial tracts.  AUSTIN or AUSTINE,, D.D., was the author of a political pamphlet published in 1644, under the title "Allegiance not Impeached;" its object was to prove that the oath of allegiance as well as natural right, justified parliament in arming for the defence of the country and crown, though in opposition to the personal commands of the sovereign.  AUSTIN,, a native of Cornwall, and an alumnus of Exeter College, Oxford, was an associate of Drayton and other poets of the day. He published in 1629 a poem entitled "Urania, or the Heavenly Muse," containing religious meditations on the fall and redemption of man.  AUSTIN,, commonly known as Mrs. Austin, an authoress distinguished by her familiarity with the German language and literature, and who did good service to the English public by translations from some of the most popular writers of that country. Her translation of Ranke's History of the Popes, and "The Characteristics of Göthe," are her best known works. She died 8th August, 1867.  AUSTIN,, an English engraver, at the beginning of the eighteenth century, especially noted for some fine reproductions of several of the works by Ruysdael and Zuccarelli.  AUSTREBERTA,, born at Artois in 633, was of the royal Merovingian line; she became a nun to escape a hateful marriage, and rose to be abbess of the Convent of Favilly.  AUSTREGILDA or AUSTREHILDA, second wife of Gonthram, king of Burgundy and Orleans, whose former wife was repudiated through her intrigues, and whose two brothers she is said to have slain with her own hand. She died in 580. <section end="323H" /> <section begin="323I" />AUSTREGISILUS or AUSTRILLUS,, one of the household of Gonthram of Burgundy in the sixth century: abandoning court service and taking priestly orders, he became successively abbot of St. Niziers, and bishop of Bourges. <section end="323I" /> <section begin="323J" />AUSTREMOINE,, whose Latin name is , was sent by Pope Fabian to convert the pagans of Gaul in the middle of the third century. He founded the church of Auvergne and was its first bishop. <section end="323J" /> <section begin="323K" />AUTARITUS, captain of the Gauls who served in the pay of Carthage during the second Punic war; having joined a revolt, he was taken and executed by Hamilcar. <section end="323K" /> <section begin="323L" />AUTELLI,, an Italian artist in mosaic, during the early part of the seventeenth century. Some works of his are to be seen in the museum of Florence. <section end="323L" /> <section begin="323Zcontin" />AUTENRIETH,, a German physician, born at Stuttgard on the 20th October, 1772, <section end="323Zcontin" />