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ANT at Brasey, near St. Jean-de-Losne, was professor of architecture in the school of the fine arts at Dijon; died 1814. His brother,, born at Auxonne in 1744, was also remarkable for his skill as an engineer. Died 1818.—F.  ANTOINETTE, the daughter of Leonore, duke of Longueville, and Maria de Bourbon, was born about the middle of the 16th century. Wearied of the world after the death of her husband, Charles de Gondi, she entered a convent, and subsequently became coadjutrix in the abbey of Fontevrault. She afterwards quitted the order to found a convent of the daughters of Calvary, according to the rule of St. Benedict; and died in 1618.—F.  ANTOINETTE,. See.  ANTOLI, a Jewish writer of the thirteenth century.  ANTOLI,, a Spanish rabbin, born in the kingdom of Naples during the reign of the Emperor Frederic, in the first half of the thirteenth century; died in 1232.  ANTOLI´NI,, an architect born in 1755, author of a treatise on architecture, and a work entitled "Le Rovine di Velleja;" died in 1841.  ANTOLINEZ,, a Spanish landscape painter of great promise, who died very young at Madrid in 1700. He used to work in secret, and on pictures of very small size.—R. M.  ANTOLINEZ,, a Spanish landscape painter of the Sevillian school, who learned the art from F. Rizzi. His pictures were especially charming for delicacy of colouring. Jose was exceedingly proud of his talents. He died also young, in consequence of a fever he caught whilst exerting himself too much in fencing. Born 1639, died 1674.—R. M. <section end="200H" /> <section begin="200I" />ANTOMMARCHI,, a physician, born during the latter half of the eighteenth century, who rendered himself remarkable by his devotion to the service of Napoleon during his captivity in St. Helena. He was professor of anatomy in the university of Florence, when he received the appointment of physician to the ex-emperor. He was at first coldly received by the illustrious captive, but gained at last his entire confidence. After Napoleon's decease, Antommarchi returned to France; which, however, he left to take up his abode in Poland in 1831. The controversy which arose regarding his alleged cast of the emperor's head, and the suspicion to which he was subjected, appear to have induced him, in 1836, to betake himself as a practitioner of homoeopathy to America, and he died at St. Antonio in Cuba in 1838.—F. <section end="200I" /> <section begin="200J" />ANTON,, king of Saxony, was born in 1755. He was the second son of Frederick Christian, elector of Saxony, and succeeded to the government in 1827 on the death of his elder brother, Frederick Augustus, who had been king since 1806. His dominion was only nominal, as he cared little for the affairs of state, all his inclinations being toward the church, for which he was originally destined. He was at first unsuccessful in his choice of ministers, and various outbreaks occurred among his people; but having ultimately created Baron von Lindenau and his nephew, Prince Frederick Augustus, co-regents, the latter years of his reign were marked by various reforms in the criminal and municipal code of the country, and by a treaty with Prussia of great advantage to Saxony. Anton died in 1836, leaving the kingdom to his nephew.—J. B. <section end="200J" /> <section begin="200K" />ANTON,, an eminent philologist, born at Lauban in Upper Lusatia in 1745, became in 1780 professor of the Oriental languages at Wittenberg, and died in 1814. <section end="200K" /> <section begin="200L" />ANTON,, was born in 1571, and died in 1618. He was a distinguished professor of Roman and feudal law, and became rector (equivalent to the English chancellor) of the university of Giessen. <section end="200L" /> <section begin="200M" />ANTON,, a German antiquary, born at Lauban, 1752, author of a great number of historical, antiquarian, and philological works; he died at Goerlitz in 1818. His father,, was a Lutheran divine, and archdeacon of Schmiedeberg in Saxony, where he was born in 1737. He was the author of several works on theological subjects, and died in 1814.—F. <section end="200M" /> <section begin="200N" />ANTON,, a Lutheran prelate, the friend of the Pietist leader Francke, was born in 1661, and died in 1730. <section end="200N" /> <section begin="200O" />ANTONELLE,, Marquis d', a French political economist, was born at Arles in 1747. He early embraced the principles of the Revolution, and was chairman of the jury at the trial of the Girondins. He was afterwards accused of complicity in the conspiracy of Babeuf, and suffered much persecution from Fouche as an "anarchist." He died in 1817, having devoted the last years of his life to literary and philosophic pursuits.—J. W. S. <section end="200O" /> <section begin="200P" />ANTONELLI,, cardinal-bishop of Velletri, a zealous supporter of jesuitism; born 1730, died 1811. <section end="200P" /> <section begin="200Q" />ANTONELLI,, an Italian theologian, was born in 1698, and died in 1767. <section end="200Q" /> <section begin="200R" />ANTONELLI,, an Italian historian, apostolic prothonotary in the seventeenth century. <section end="200R" /> <section begin="200S" />* ANTONELLI, a cardinal and prime minister to Pope Pio IX., was born towards the end of the last century. <section end="200S" /> <section begin="200T" />ANTONELLO,, called also , or , a Sicilian painter, belonging to a family of distinguished artists, was born at Messina in 1414, died in 1496. Happening in 1442 to see a picture by J. Van Eyk, painted in oil colours, he was so struck with its brilliancy that he at once resolved upon seeking its worthy author. For this purpose he went to Bruges, where he remained with Van Eyk until the death of the latter in 1445. Antonello then proceeded to Venice, where he communicated the new process to Domenico Veneziano. Besides the use of oil colours, Antonello adopted also, in his after-life, the style of Van Eyk, so much so as to render it difficult to distinguish his works from those of the Flemish master.—R. M. <section end="200T" /> <section begin="200U" />ANTONI, ', a Sardinian general of artillery, was born in 1714, near Nice, and died at Turin in 1786. <section end="200U" /> <section begin="200V" />ANTONI,, a jurist of Bologna, was born in 1747, and died in 1810.—J. W. S. <section end="200V" /> <section begin="200W" />ANTONIA, the name of several noble ladies of ancient Rome:

, the daughter of Caius Antonius Hybrida, was married to her cousin Marc Antony the triumvir. She was divorced in 47. to make way for Fulvia. Her sister, who bore the same name, was married to Caius Caninius Gallus, tribune of the Plebs, 56. It is supposed by some that these ladies are one and the same, and that the wife of the triumvir was first married to Gallus.

, elder of the two daughters of Marc Antony and Octavia, was born 39 ., and became the wife of L. Domitius Ahenobarbus, mother of Cneius Domitius, and then the grandmother of Nero.

, sister of the preceding, was born 36. She became the wife of Drusus, and grandmother of Caligula. She was noted alike for her prudence and her beauty.

, the daughter of the Emperor Claudius, suffered death at the instigation of Nero, because she refused to marry him after the death of two husbands.—J. B. <section end="200W" /> <section begin="200X" />ANTONIA´NO,, the Italian cardinal, born at Rome 1540, died 1603. He was the son of a draper, and began early to display a taste for polite literature. Pleased with his talents, Hercules II., duke of Ferrara, nominated him at the age of 16 years professor of eloquence in that city. After the death of his patron, he was invited to Rome in 1559 by Pius IV., and appointed secretary to cardinal Charles Borromeo. He was soon selected to fill the chair of belles-lettres in one of the colleges in that city, and his lectures were so popular, that on one occasion, when he explained the oration of Cicero for Marcellus, twenty-five cardinals were among his hearers. He was a highly distinguished member of the academy of the Vatican. Having been ordained priest in 1567, he was soon nominated the secretary of the sacred college, and afterwards canon and cardinal, March 3, 1598. He wrote a work, entitled "Dell' Educazione Cristiana de' Figlinoli," libri trè, Verona, 1584, 4to; and also "Orationes Tredecim," Rome, 1610, 4to, published after his death, to which his life is prefixed.—T. J. <section end="200X" /> <section begin="200Y" />ANTONIANUS,, a Dominican monk of Nimwegen, who lived in the sixteenth century. <section end="200Y" /> <section begin="200YA" />ANTONIA´SSO, a Roman painter, lived early in the sixteenth century. <section end="200YA" /> <section begin="200Zcontin" />ANTO´NIDES, several celebrated natives of Holland have borne this name:—1. , a spirited poet, born at Goes, May 3, 1647; died in 1684. 2., born at Naerden, near Amsterdam, in 1546; died in 1604. He wrote "Systema Theologiæ," 1613, and other works. The preface to the "Systema" contains some interesting details concerning the Reformation in the low countries. 3., a celebrated oriental scholar, born at Alckmar, who flourished in the seventeenth century. He wrote "Epist. Pauli <section end="200Zcontin" />