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ANS in 1724, he was made post-captain, and appointed to the Scarborough man-of-war. Shortly afterwards he was ordered to South Carolina, a colony which had been founded fifty-four years before, by some settlers from Virginia. Anson seems to have possessed the English colonizing spirit to an eminent degree. He was but three years on the Carolina station; yet in that time he amassed considerable property, laid out a new town, called after him Anson Burgh, and gave his name also to a county, which is still called Anson County. In 1728 he returned to England, and was paid off. For the next four years he was but little employed; but in 1732 he was appointed to the Squirrel, and ordered again to the Carolina station, where he remained till the spring of 1735. Two years afterwards he was first appointed to the famous Centurion, a fifty-gun ship, and ordered to cruise on the coast of Guinea. He returned to England by way of Barbadoes and Carolina in 1739. In all these various employments he conducted himself with singular ability and discretion. When the war with Spain broke out in 1739, it was resolved to send an expedition to harass the Spanish settlements in the Pacific and destroy their trade, and Anson was at once selected as the commander. He hoisted his broad pennant as commodore, on board the Centurion, in September, 1740. The squadron consisted, besides his own ship, of four men-of-war, a sloop of war, and two victualling ships. Calling on the way at Madeira and Jamaica, he proceeded to attempt the passage round Cape Horn. There is always some difficulty in making this passage from the eastward, owing to the prevalence and strength of the westerly winds; but in the present day, when the science of navigation is better understood, and all that the master of a vessel requires is plenty of sea-room, the feat is more easily performed than in the days of Anson, when the old practice of hugging the land was in some measure followed by all navigators; and they would persist in beating backwards and forwards against a foul wind in vain attempts to weather some headland, when a bold stretch off the land for three or four hundred miles would probably have brought them into different winds, or at any rate have enabled them to fetch clear of the land. Anson had a very rough passage, in the course of which he was separated from the other vessels of the squadron, part of which never afterwards rejoined him. Scurvy now broke out among the crew, and Anson steered for Juan Fernandez, in order to obtain a supply of fresh vegetables. He helped with his own hands in carrying the sick sailors on shore. The humanity which he showed on this and other occasions endeared him wonderfully to his sailors; but he never relaxed the bonds of the strictest discipline, and the Spanish prisoners whom he took, particularly some ladies who were passengers on board the Teresa, a rich merchantman which fell into his hands off the coast of Peru, found with surprise and satisfaction that an English naval officer was a very different sort of person from a buccaneer, although, from the fact of many of the buccaneering chiefs having unfortunately been Englishmen, they had been accustomed to confound the two. Anson took and burned the town of Paita in Peru, and after long and weary watching, succeeded, on the 30th June, 1743, in intercepting and capturing the Manilla galleon, bound to Spain with an immense treasure. Yet, from the disasters which befell his ships, the main design of the expedition, that of humbling the Spanish power in the Pacific, was very imperfectly answered. He returned to England in 1744, and was immediately made a rear-admiral, and a vice-admiral in 1746. When commanding the Channel fleet in 1747, he engaged, off Cape Finisterre, a French fleet of inferior force, bound with a convoy to the East Indies, defeated it, and captured six men-of-war, and four East Indiamen. Two of the prizes were named L'Invincible and La Gloire. The captain of the former, M. St. George, said, when handing his sword to Anson, with a strangely-timed politeness, "Monsieur, vous avez vaincu l'Invincible, et la Gloire vous suit." For this service Anson was made a peer, with the title of Lord Anson, Baron of Soberton. He married, in 1748, a daughter of Lord Hardwicke, by whom he had no issue. In 1751 he was made first lord of the admiralty, and continued to hold the post nearly until his death in 1762; but did not again distinguish himself in action.

Anson possessed all the ingredients of a thoroughly manly character; he was courageous, cool, sincere, and humane. No better eulogy could be given of him than is contained in those touching lines in Cowper's "Castaway," alluding to one of his sailors who was lost overboard:—

(Biograph. Britan. Anson's Voyage.)  ANSON,, a French financier, was born in 1744, and died in 1810. He took a share in the Revolution during its earlier stages, but retired subsequently from public life, and turned all his attention to agriculture.  ANSPACH, ANSBACH or ANOLZBACH, Margraves of,—a German princely family, connected with the house of Brandenburg. Their dominions are now merged in the kingdom of Bavaria. Of the family we notice—

and, Markgraf von, was born in 1736, succeeded to the principality in 1757, and passed the greater part of his life in travelling, engaged in artistic and amorous pursuits. He finally sold his dominions to the king of Prussia, and retired to England, where he married Lady Craven, and lived as a private man at Hammersmith, until his death in 1806.

, Margravine of, otherwise known as Lady Craven, was born in London in 1750, and died at Naples in 1828. She was married first to the earl of Craven, and afterwards to the subject of our last memoir. In 1821 she received Queen Caroline in her mansion at Hammersmith, generally known as Brandenburg House. She visited most European countries; amongst others the Crimea, then little known in England. Her literary productions, both in English and French, enjoyed in their day a considerable popularity.—J. W. S.  ANSPRAND or AZIPRAND, a king of Lombardy, who succeeded Eribert II. in 712.  ANSTER,, LL.D., a distinguished poet and essayist, was born at Charleville in the county of Cork. He entered Trinity college, Dublin, in the year 1810. During his undergraduate course, he gave evidence of those poetic powers which in after years, when matured by study and thought, placed him amongst the best writers of his day. Some of these earlier pieces were published before he took his degree. Subsequently to that period, he published a prize poem on the death of the Princess Charlotte, and in 1819 he published his "Poems, with translations from the German," in which volume most of his earlier productions reappeared, and others which he had contributed to Blackwood's Magazine; among the latter were fragments of translations of Goethe's "Faust." These were at once received into favour. Their truth and vigour were at once acknowledged, and it is said that the great German poet himself recognized their excellence. These extracts were reprinted in England and America, and their success encouraged Anster to undertake the laborious task of translating the entire poem, which he completed in 1835. The publication of this work established the reputation of Anster. It is a production of rare felicity and genius, and one of the few instances in which translation attains to the level of original composition. It at once attained the highest position, and, notwithstanding the many translations, both in prose and verse, that have since appeared, retains its popularity. It is a standard book on the continent, and has been twice reprinted in Germany. In 1837, Dr. Anster published a small volume of poems under the title of "Xeniola," which contains many pieces of merit. He also contributed largely to the leading British periodicals, and was a constant writer in "The Dublin University Magazine," and the "North British Review." He was called to the Irish bar in 1824. Of late years he did not practise much, confining himself to the duties of his chair as regius professor of civil law in the university of Dublin, which he discharged with great ability. The services rendered by him to literature were recognized by a pension on the civil list, conferred upon him by her Majesty in 1841. He died in June, 1867.—J. F. W.  ANSTETT,, a diplomatist in the service of Russia, born at Strasburg 1760, died at Frankfort 1835.  ANSTEY,, an English poet, was born in 1724, and died in 1805. His principal work, the "New Bath Guide," has passed through several editions.  ANSTIS,, an archæologist, was born in Cornwall in 1669, appointed by Queen Anne to a situation in the Herald's College, imprisoned on the accession of George I. as an adherent of the Stuart dynasty, and died in 1744. <section end="195Hnop" />