Page:Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography Volume 1.pdf/194

ANS new church by Leo, on October 3, 1049, and two following days. Anselm's work was published by Mabillon in the "Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Benedicti," Sæculum VI.—S. D.  ANSELM or ANSELMO, bishop of Lucca in Tuscany, was born about 1036. Pope Alexander II., his uncle, sent him in 1073 to the Emperor Henry IV. to receive the investiture of a bishopric, but he would not accept of it from the secular power. In consequence of the death of Alexander, he was chosen to succeed him in the bishopric of Lucca the same year. He now received investiture, taking the ring and crosier from the hands of Henry; but, repenting of the act, retired to the monastery of Clugny and became a monk. But Gregory VII., into whose hands he returned the ring and staff, induced him to return to his bishopric. His efforts to establish a reform among the canons of his cathedral led to disputes and troubles. At a council held at Lucca, the refractory canons were excommunicated, and joined the party of the antipope Guibert, who, coming into Tuscany, gave the bishopric to one of them. Anselm, therefore, driven from Lucca in 1083, went to Mantua. Pope Gregory VII. appointed him his legate for all Lombardy, and to act as bishop. He was very zealous in seconding Gregory, and assisting all the clergy who adhered to him, when Henry IV. marched against Rome with Guibert, whom he wished to be pope in place of Gregory. He died in 1086, and was buried in the cathedral of Mantua. Of his numerous writings, the chief are "Collectionis Canonum Libri XIII.," only portions of which have been printed by Holstenius, the rest being in MS. in various libraries. He also wrote "Contra Guibertum Antipapam, Libri duo," first published by Canisius in his "Antiquæ Lectiones," 4to, Ingolstadt, 1604. On the 18th March, the day of his death, the Church of Rome celebrates his memory as a saint.—S. D.  ANSELM, hence called , and generally styled, was a celebrated theological teacher. The year of his birth is not known, but is supposed to have been before the middle of the eleventh century, at Laon in France. He studied under Anselm of Canterbury in the abbey of Bec; and returning, taught scholastic theology in Paris from 1076. Here he became celebrated; and is thought to have contributed to the foundation of the university of Paris in future years. At the close of the eleventh century he returned to his native town, Laon, where he superintended the schools connected with the cathedral, having been elected archdeacon. He was subsequently dean of the church. His school of theology attracted pupils from all countries—Italy, Spain, Germany, England, and elsewhere. In 1113 Abelard came to Laon to hear his lectures, but expressed disappointment with them. His theology consisted of a simple exposition of the holy scriptures supported by the authority of the Fathers, which did not suit the metaphysical taste of Abelard. Several bishoprics were offered to him, but he refused to accept any, from attachment to his favourite calling of teacher. He died in 1117, and was buried in the abbey of St. Vincent. His principal work is an interlinear gloss upon the Old and New Testaments, consisting of short notes on the Vulgate text. He also revised and augmented the "Glossa Ordinaria," or Marginal Gloss of Walafrid Strabo. Both were printed at Basle in folio, 1502, 1508; and at Antwerp 1634. Anselm was also the author of commentaries on single books of scripture.—S. D.  ANSELM or ANSELME, count of Ribemont, a town of France, was a soldier and writer of the eleventh century. His liberality to the church is highly praised. When the famous crusade for the recovery of the Holy Land was determined upon in 1095, he took part in it under the leadership of Godefroy de Bouillon. He was engaged in the sieges of Nicæa and Antioch, whose perils he escaped; but was afterwards killed by a stone falling upon his head at the siege of the castle of Arcas, about six miles from Tripoli. This was in 1099. Anselm wrote two accounts of the memorable events in which he had been engaged, addressed to Manassé the Second, archbishop of Rheims. The first has been lost. The second, describing the siege and capture of Antioch, and the various battles between the Christians and Infidels, was published by D'Achery in his "Spicilegium." It was written after the Christians had taken Antioch in 1098.—S. D.  ANSELM, was a monk of the abbey of Gembloux, a town in Brabant. He belonged to the abbey of Hautvilliers, and afterwards to that of Lagni, in both of which he directed the schools. Having returned to the monastery of Gembloux, he took charge of the library and the school. In 1113 he was elected abbot, and discharged the duties belonging to that office with great diligence and care. He died in 1136. He wrote one work—a continuation of the Universal Chronicon of Sigebert, from 1112 to 1136—which is considered very accurate. It was published along with Sigebert's and the continuations of three Benedictines down to 1224, by Aubertus Miraeus, at Antwerp, in one quarto volume, 1608.—S. D.  ANSELM, bishop of Havelberg in Saxony, was the ambassador of Lotharius II., 1135, at the court of Constantinople when John Comnenus was emperor. He held public and private conferences with members of the Greek church relative to the points of difference between that and the Latin church. One of these was with Nicetas, archbishop of Nicomedia, about the procession of the Holy Spirit. When at Rome in 1145, Pope Eugenius the Third requested him to write an account of these conferences. Accordingly, he composed a work entitled things opposed to one another—which is printed by D'Achery in his Spicilegium, vol. i., new edition. This is one of the most important controversial treatises relative to the two churches, and shows great impartiality on the part of Anselm, betraying unconsciously many things in which his Greek opponent had truth on his side. It appears that he was afterwards sent on a second embassy to Constantinople by Frederick Barbarossa, to negotiate an alliance with the Emperor Emanuel Comnenus against the king of Sicily. Having returned from this mission in 1155, he was elected archbishop of Ravenna, and Frederick gave him the exarchate of the province. He died in 1159.—(See Spieker in Ilgen's Zeitschrift.)—S. D.  ANSELME, canon of the cathedral of Liege,, was a writer of the 11th century. In 1053 he accompanied Theodouin, bishop of Liege, on a pilgrimage to Rome, and, after his return, became dean of the cathedral of Liege. The times of his birth and death are equally unknown. His only work is a history of the bishops of Liege, which has never been published entire. It was originally in two parts, the latter alone being the production of Anselme himself. The best edition is that of Martene and Durand, in their collection of ancient writers and monuments, 1729, Paris, folio, tom. iv.—S. D.  ANSELME, or ANSELME, a writer on heraldry, was born at Paris in 1625. At the age of 19 he entered the order of Augustins Dechaussés, and observed all its austerities. He died in 1694, aged 69. His great work is "Histoire Genealogique et Chronologique de la Maison Royale de France," &c., 4to, Paris, 1674, 2 vols.—S. D. <section end="194H" /> <section begin="194I" />ANSELMI,, a Genoese physician, who lived in the seventeenth century, and wrote on the plague. <section end="194I" /> <section begin="194J" />ANSELMI,, a historical painter, born at Lucca in 1491, died at Parma in 1554. He was one of the best pupils of Razzi, but modified his style under the guidance of Corregio, whom he assisted in his celebrated works in the cathedral of Parma.—R. M. <section end="194J" /> <section begin="194K" />ANSELMO,, an astronomer and mathematician of Parma, died in 1440. <section end="194K" /> <section begin="194L" />ANSELMUS or ANSELMI,, a physician of Mantua, who flourished in the seventeenth century. <section end="194L" /> <section begin="194M" />ANSIAUX,, a jurist of Liege, was born in 1761, and died at Münster in 1800, leaving several historical memoirs relative to his native town. <section end="194M" /> <section begin="194N" />ANS-IBN-MALIK, an associate of the prophet Mahommed, who died in 710, at the extraordinary age of 130 years. <section end="194N" /> <section begin="194O" />ANSIDE´I,, an author of Perugia in Italy, who was born in 1556, and became librarian at the Vatican, and keeper of the archives in the castle of San Angelo. <section end="194O" /> <section begin="194P" />ANSIDEI,, an Italian poet, was born in 1642, and died in 1707. <section end="194P" /> <section begin="194Q" />ANSLAY (ANNESLAY),, the author of a rare work entitled the "Cyte of Ladyes," published in 1521. <section end="194Q" /> <section begin="194R" />ANSLO,, a Dutch poet, was born at Amsterdam in 1626, and died in 1669 in Italy, where he had embraced catholicism, and enjoyed the friendship of Christina of Sweden. <section end="194R" /> <section begin="194Zcontin" />ANSON,, third son of William Anson, Esq. of Shuckborough in Staffordshire, was born in the year 1697. He went early to sea, and in 1716 was appointed second lieutenant of H.M.S. Hampshire. He passed rapidly through the different subordinate grades of the service, being assisted probably by the influence of the earl of Macclesfield, then lord chancellor of England, who had married his maternal aunt, until, <section end="194Zcontin" />
 * i.e.,