Page:Imperial Dictionary of Universal Biography Volume 1.pdf/135

ALI of Mahomet. As long as she lived he took no other wife, but at her death he had several wives, by whom he had a numerous progeny, who, spreading over the East and West, originated various dynasties, claiming authority as the descendants of the prophet.

Ali unquestionably possessed many qualities worthy of admiration. He was no less remarkable for his personal beauty, than for his moral and intellectual endowments. He not only possessed indomitable courage, but was generous and self-sacrificing. He was one of the most learned men of his age, and had a high reputation as a poet. These qualities and acquirements have combined to render him one of the most illustrious persons in the records of oriental history. Like Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, this celebrated prince has left behind him a collection of maxims.—F.  ALI-IBN-ZEYD,, a Saracen astronomer, who flourished during the reign of the caliph Almansor, and translated a set of astronomical tables, from the Palwi tongue into Arabic.  ALI-ARRIDHA, a descendant of Ali, venerated by the Scheik sect as one of the twelve legitimate successors of Mahomet. He was born in 785, married a grand-daughter of Haroun-al-Raschid, and perished by poison in 819.  ALI-IBN-AL-AGRABI-ABUL-HASSAN, an Arabian astronomer of the ninth century.  ALI-IBN-AHMED-AL-EMRANI, a mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer of Mosul, who died about. 955.  ALI-IBN-AHMED-ABULKASSIM ALMODJTABI, an Arabian mathematician of the tenth century, who lived at Antioch, and wrote a commentary upon Euclid.  ALI-IBN-SIDAH or EBN-ISMAIL-ABUL-HASSAN, a native of Murcia, lived in the tenth century, and compiled a very comprehensive dictionary of the Arabic language.  ALI-BEN-EL-ABBAS or ALAEDDIN-AL-MATJOUSI, known likewise as HALI ABBAS, an eminent Arabian physician of the tenth century. His principal work, the "Ketab El Mâlki," was held in high esteem until the appearance of Avicenna's canon, and was even subsequently preferred by many as being more practical. He treats of dietetics, of the preservation of health in different climates, of mineral waters, &c. He speaks more clearly than his predecessors concerning the gastric juice, and on biliary calculi. His knowledge of anatomy was minute and accurate, and he advises young physicians to seek knowledge not in books, but in hospitals.—J. W. S. <section end="135H" /> <section begin="135I" />ALI-IBN-YOUNIS, an Arabian astronomer of great celebrity, born at Cairo about the middle of the tenth century. His works are considered by the Arabians as among the most valuable in their language. He died in. 1008. <section end="135I" /> <section begin="135J" />ALI-IBN-HAMMOUD, the founder of the Hammoudite dynasty in Spain. When the Edrisites, descendants of Ali, were expelled from Africa, he and his brother found safety in the court of Hescham II. at Cordova. When that prince was assassinated in 1013, Ali Hammond resolved to avenge his death, and, in a battle near Seville, he defeated Soliman, whom he killed with his own hand. He was, however, strangled by his own attendants in 1017.—F. <section end="135J" /> <section begin="135K" />ALI-ALHOSRI, surnamed, an Arabian poet of the eleventh century. He resided at Seville, and wrote in praise of Sultan Almotamed. <section end="135K" /> <section begin="135L" />ALI-BEN-RODHOUAN, an Arabian physician, a native of Djizeh, near Cairo, who died in 1067-8. He was the author of many treatises on medical science and philosophy. <section end="135L" /> <section begin="135M" />ALI-IBN-JOUSSOUF-IBN-TACHEFIN, sultan of Africa and Spain. He ascended the throne. 1106. His empire included the provinces of Morocco, Andalusia, Grenada, Valencia, as well as a considerable portion of Portugal, Aragon, and Catalonia. Having lost a great part of his vast dominions, he died of grief. 1142-3. <section end="135M" /> <section begin="135N" />ALI-IBN-BESSAM, an Arabian historian of the twelfth century, a native of Santarem in Portugal. <section end="135N" /> <section begin="135O" />ALI-IBN-KHARUF, surnamed, an Arabian poet and grammarian, born at Seville about. 1155, where he died in 1212. <section end="135O" /> <section begin="135P" />ALI-ABAOUL-HASSAN, surnamed, or "Light of the Faith," the second sultan of the dynasty of the Ayubites, son of the celebrated Saladin, whom he succeeded in the sovereignty of Syria. 1193 <section end="135P" /> <section begin="135Q" />ALI-IBN-ABI-ALI-ASSAIF or SAIFEDDIN, an Arabian writer, born at Amida. 1156; died in 1233. <section end="135Q" /> <section begin="135R" />ALI-IBN-AHMED-IBN-ALI-IBN-MOHAMMED-ABOUL HASSAN, an Arabian philosopher of high repute. He died at Bagdad. 1215. <section end="135R" /> <section begin="135S" />ALI-IBN-SAYD, an Arabian geographer and historian. He was born at Grenada. 1214, and died at Tunis in 1286. <section end="135S" /> <section begin="135T" />ALI, surnamed, sixth sultan of Africa, of the dynasty of Beni Merin. He succeeded his father Othman in the throne. 1331. He was put to death in 1351, after being defeated in battle by his son. <section end="135T" /> <section begin="135U" />ALI-ASTERABADI, a Persian poet of the fourteenth century, the author of poems highly celebrated in his age, but now almost forgotten, from their merely local interest. <section end="135U" /> <section begin="135V" />ALI-IBN-ABD-ER-RAHMAN, an Arabian writer, who resided at Grenada in the 14th century. He was the author of a treatise on the military art, as practised by the Moors in Spain. <section end="135V" /> <section begin="135W" />ALI-KUDSCHI, a Moslem astronomer, born towards the end of the fourteenth century. He was the author of some mathematical works. He died. 1474. <section end="135W" /> <section begin="135X" />ALI-ABUL HASSAN, succeeded his father Mahomet X. in 1466, as the twentieth king of Grenada of the Nasrite dynasty. He was engaged in civil wars, first against the Moors of Malaga, and afterwards against his rebellious son Boabdil. He endeavoured also unsuccessfully to check the encroachments of Ferdinand and Isabella of Castile and Aragon, who took from him the stronghold of Albania. Died about 1484.—J. W. S. <section end="135X" /> <section begin="135Y" />ALI-SCHIR-AMEER, vizier to the Shah Hussein of Persia, flourished in the fifteenth century, and was esteemed as a patron of literature and the arts. <section end="135Y" /> <section begin="135YA" />ALI-BESTAMI or MUSSANIFEK, a Turkish scheik and author of the fifteenth century. He has left a poem in praise of Mohammed, and various works on divinity, philology, and law. <section end="135YA" /> <section begin="135YB" />ALI-MAKDUM, at first a eunuch in the seraglio of the Sultan Bajazet II., afterwards pasha of Semendria, in which capacity he distinguished himself in a war against the Hungarians, took Dalmatia from the Venetians, and captured Modon and Koron in Greece. He was then advanced to the post of vizier, and fell at last in battle against the Koords, about 1512. <section end="135YB" /> <section begin="135YC" />ALI-MOEZZIN, a Turkish admiral, who served under Selim II. He took Cyprus from the Venetians, but was finally defeated and slain at the battle of Lepanto in 1571. <section end="135YC" /> <section begin="135YD" />ALI-ADIL-SHAH, succeeded to the throne of Visiapore in India in 1557. After some victories over his neighbours, he engaged in an unsuccessful attempt to expel the Portuguese from Goa, and died in 1580. <section end="135YD" /> <section begin="135YE" />ALI-MUSTAPHA BEN AHMED BEN ABDEL MOTTAH, a Turkish poet and historian, was born at Gallipoli in 1542, served among the janissaries, and died in 1599. <section end="135YE" /> <section begin="135YF" />ALI-BEY,, a Turkish author, was born in Galicia, translated the Bible into Turkish, and died in 1675. <section end="135YF" /> <section begin="135YG" />ALI-MUES-INSADI or DEFTERDAR, a Turkish jurist of the seventeenth century. <section end="135YG" /> <section begin="135YH" />ALI-CHORLILI, grand vizier of Turkey, opposed the attempts of Charles XII. to engage the sultan in a war against Russia, and having been deposed from his office, died in the Crimea in 1711. <section end="135YH" /> <section begin="135YI" />ALI-COUMMOURGI, grand vizier under Achmet III., frustrated the intrigues of Charles XII. of Sweden, conquered the Morea from the Venetians, and having invaded Hungary, was defeated and slain by Prince Eugene at Peterwardein in 1715. <section end="135YI" /> <section begin="135YJ" />ALI-BEY, a Mameluke, who, during the last century, usurped the sovereignty of Egypt. Having risen from rank to rank, he became one of the twenty-four beys who shared the supreme authority with the Turkish viceroy. In 1766 he succeeded in overpowering his colleagues, drove out the viceroy, and assumed the title of sultan. He next allied himself with Russia, then at war with Turkey, subjugated the coasts of Arabia, and penetrated into Syria. The Turks were everywhere defeated, and Damascus was about to surrender, when the treachery of Mohammed Bey, Ali's lieutenant, put an end to his conquests. Deserted by a large part of his followers, he was compelled to flee, and being seized by Murad Bey, was put to death in 1773.—J. W. S. <section end="135YJ" /> <section begin="135Zcontin" />ALI-BEY, the assumed name of DOMINGO BADIA Y LEBLICH, a Spanish traveller, born in Biscaya in 1766. Desirous of travelling in the north of Africa and the west of Asia, he assumed the name, costume, and language of an Arab. He landed at Tangier in 1803, visited Morocco, Tripoli, Cyprus, and Egypt, and arrived in 1807 at Mecca. Finding his native country on his return occupied by the French, he became an <section end="135Zcontin" />