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COO thousand, fell on the weary troopers unexpectedly. Coote was, however, too watchful, and soon succeeded in routing the enemy; but he was himself slain by a shot either from the flying crowd or the town, or, as some think, from his own party.—J. F. W.  COOTE,, son of the preceding, and first earl of Montrath, succeeded his father as provost-marshal and vice-president of Connaught, and inherited his courage and valour; distinguishing himself as a soldier at an early age, and taking an active part during the Irish rebellion of 1641. In 1649 he maintained Derry for the parliament, and ultimately secured nearly the whole of the northern provinces for the republic; and passing south, he obtained possession of Galway. After the Restoration, Coote, who had at first secretly, and, after the death of Cromwell, openly espoused the royal cause, was appointed one of the commissioners of Ireland, governor of Galway, earl of Montrath, and lord-justice of Ireland. He died of smallpox in Dublin in 1661.—J. F. W.  COOTE,, a distinguished soldier, was the youngest son of Dr. Chidley Coote of Ash Hill, in the county of Limerick, and was born in the year 1726. He early embraced the military profession, and after some active service in Ireland, embarked for India. He took possession of the forts of Calcutta; and at the battle of Plassy hold a prominent and responsible position, and eminently contributed to the success of that day. Being now in 1760 a colonel, he invested and took Wandemash, and in November laid siege to Pondicherry, which he reduced in two months, thereby demolishing the power of the French in India. For these services he received from the court of directors a diamond-hilted sword as a mark of their gratitude and respect. In 1770 Coote went to Madras as commander-in-chief of the company's forces, whence he soon proceeded to Bussorah, and returning to England was invested with the order of the bath, and appointed governor of the fort of St. George. On the death of General Clavering he went to Bengal as a member of the supreme council and commander of the British forces in India. His most glorious exploit was in reserve. Hyder Ali was in possession of Arcot, and was aiming at the universal conquest of India. Coote arrived at the critical moment, when the British troops were reduced and dispirited. He revived their courage, and by success in minor enterprises renewed their confidence, and incited them to be the assailants of their formidable enemy. Hyder met his advances with an enormous army that rushed forward to overwhelm the foe. But the British troops kept their ground: for eight hours the conflict was maintained with desperate valour on both sides, till victory declared for the British troops, and the Indian army was routed with fearful slaughter and the loss of Meer Saib, Hyder's favourite general. Three years after Coote went to Madras to assume the command of the army; but his health, long enfeebled, gave way, and he died in April, 1783, two days after his arrival there. His body was conveyed to Rookwood in Hampshire. In valour, skill, and energy Coote stands high amongst the great soldiers of his day.—J. F. W.  COOTE,. See, Earl of.  COPELAND,, a distinguished surgeon, born in May, 1781; died November 19, 1855. In July, 1804, he was admitted a member of the College of Surgeons, and afterwards joined the foot guards, with whom he embarked for Spain under the command of Sir John Moore, and was present at the battle of Corunna. On his return to England, he was appointed surgeon to the Westminster general dispensary. In 1810 he published his "Observations on some of the Principal Diseases of the Rectum," the first work of a truly scientific and worthy kind on that subject which had ever appeared. Mr. Copeland also published a work entitled "Observations on the Symptoms and Treatment of Diseased Spine." He was a member of the council of the College of Surgeons and surgeon-extraordinary to the queen.—E. L.  COPERARIO,, was the Italianized name of , a distinguished musician in the first part of the seventeenth century. He was a celebrated performer on the viol-da-gamba and lute, and was one of the musical preceptors to the children of James I. Under his tuition Prince Charles (afterwards Charles I.) attained considerable excellence on the viol, and Playford tells us, speaking of Charles I., that no music pleased his majesty so well "as those incomparable 'Fantasies,' for viol and bass-viol to the organ, composed by Coperario." In conjunction with Laniere and Dr. Giles, he composed the songs in a masque written by Dr. Campion on the marriage of the earl of Somerset with Lady Frances Howard (the divorced countess of Essex), which was represented in the banqueting-house at Whitehall on St. Stephen's night, 1614. One of the songs in this masque, beginning with the words, "Come ashore," is inserted in Smith's Musica Antiqua, and is a fair specimen of the flowing melody of this composer. He was also the author of "Funeral Teares for the Death of the Right Honourable the Earle of Devonshire, figured in Seven Songes," 1606; and "Songs of Mourning, Bewailing the untimely Death of Prince Henry," 1613. Many of his compositions exist in MS. in the music school, Oxford. He is supposed to have died about 1640. Henry Lawes is said to have been his pupil.—E. F. R.  COPERNICUS. See.  COPLESTON,, D.D., bishop of Llandaff, was the son of the rector of Offwell, Devonshire, and was born there, 2nd February, 1776. In 1791 he was elected to a scholarship at Corpus Christi college, Oxford. Two years latter he gained the chancellor's prize for a Latin poem, and in 1795 he was elected a fellow of Oriel college. Next year he obtained the chancellor's prize for an English essay on "Agriculture," and in 1797 was appointed college tutor. In 1802 he was elected professor of poetry to the university in the room of Dr. Hurd. Copleston's character for ability and learning had hitherto been confined to a comparatively small circle; but his vindication of the university of Oxford from the attacks of the Edinburgh Review in 1810-11, widely extended his reputation, and was generally regarded as a triumphant defence. In 1814 Copleston was elected provost of Oriel college; in 1826 he was appointed to the deanery of Chester; and in the following year succeeded Dr. Charles Sumner in the bishopric of Llandaff and deanery of St. Paul's. He also held the honorary office of professor of ancient history to the Royal Academy of Arts, and was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Dr. Copleston died in 1849, in the seventy-second year of his age. His most elaborate work is his "Inquiry into the Doctrines of Necessity and Predestination," &c., 8vo, London, 1821. His "Prelectiones Academicæ" are distinguished by the purity and elegance of their composition, and the extensive learning which they display. The bishop contributed many valuable articles to the Quarterly Review between 1811 and 1822, and was the author of a large number of pamphlets, speeches, and charges. A life of Dr. Copleston, with selections from his diary and correspondence, has been published by his nephew: London, 1851.—J. T. <section end="1188H" /> <section begin="1188Zcontin" />* COPLAND,, a celebrated physician of London, who enjoys a well-earned reputation both as a practitioner and as one of the most extensive writers of his day. He was born in the Orkney islands in November, 1791. He is the eldest of nine children. At the age of sixteen he commenced his medical studies in the university of Edinburgh, where he continued for four years. Having taken his doctor's degree, he came to London in August, 1815, and here devoted much of his time to the study of surgery. He subsequently visited France and Germany, and closely observed the diseases which prevailed there soon after the peace of 1815. He was soon after offered an appointment to the settlements on the Gold Coast belonging to the late African company. A great desire to become acquainted with the diseases of this unhealthy tropical region, and confidence in his own robust constitution, induced him to accept the position, and he left Europe in 1817. After his return to England he set out on a journey through the countries of Europe with a view to the study of disease, and in 1820 settled in London, and became a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians. He now first began his literary career, and wrote many valuable papers as the result of his carefully-acquired knowledge. He became physician to the South London dispensary and to the Royal Infirmary for the diseases of children. In 1822 he removed from Walworth to Jermyn Street, and was elected consulting physician to Queen Charlotte's Lying-in Hospital. In this and following years he was engaged in editing the Medical Repository, and in writing reviews of various medical and scientific works. In 1825 Dr. Copland projected an "Encyclopedia Dictionary of the Medical Sciences," which, however, owing to the commercial panic of the period, was relinquished. In 1830 he commenced the great work of his life, the "Dictionary of Practical Medicine," under arrangements with Messrs. Longman & Co., publishers. To compile a dictionary of medical science is a herculean task to any association of men; but to be the production of one individual is an extraordinary undertaking. Dr. Copland, in the <section end="1188Zcontin" />