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 it adopted for those presentations allowed the President's counsel to attend strictly as an observer, to be provided with evidence as it was presented, and to present evidence orally or in writing afterward. It was only in the final stages of the Judiciary Committee's inquiry—in late June and July 1974—that President Nixon's counsel was permitted to present evidence and to call and question witnesses. These proceedings also occurred in closed executive sessions of the Committee, as did the questioning of additional witnesses called by the Committee. In total, the Committee heard testimony from nine witnesses in these closed-door hearings, with the transcripts made available to the public afterward. The sole public portions of the Committee's proceedings in which it considered the evidence were several days of debate between members about whether to recommend articles of impeachment. The Committee ultimately voted on July 27, July 29, and July 30, 1974 to adopt three articles of impeachment, and President Nixon resigned from office shortly afterward.

2.President Clinton

The Judiciary Committee's impeachment inquiry concerning President Clinton occurred over a relatively brief period in late 1998 and relied almost entirely upon evidence collected by Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr. On September 9, 1998, Independent Counsel Starr notified the Speaker and Minority Leader of the House that his office had transmitted an impeachment referral and 36 sealed boxes of evidence to the Sergeant-at-Arms. Two days later, the House approved H. Res. 525, requiring the Committee to review these materials and determine whether to recommend that the House proceed with an impeachment inquiry. H. Res. 525 further directed that Independent Counsel Starr's report be published as a House document and called for all supporting documents and evidence to be released in the coming weeks, unless determined otherwise by the Committee. Many of those materials, including grand jury materials, were released publicly on September 18 and 28, 1998; some, however, were withheld from the public and the President. 19