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CHINA involved in the mapping activity, and that it had "produced some really good material in which they have gone round the globe drawing on that to assess activity".

We asked for sight of the product of this mapping activity ***. We were disappointed that it appears not to have fulfilled the agreed brief *** it is concerning that in this instance the Intelligence Community appear to have failed to provide their partners with the required assistance.

China is a broad threat with significant geographic reach, therefore the Agencies work with overseas partners beyond the Five Eyes to tackle the China threat:

In July 2019, the Deputy National Security Adviser (DNSA) told the Committee that some of his most important conversations on China had been with *** around ***. GCHQ told us ***. *** . GCHQ also cited the importance of ***, noting, "we will go where the capability is and where the accesses are—they have brilliant accesses ***". MI5 cited *** as allowing MI5 to discuss both its operational and protective security role with ***. SIS told us in 2019 that it was starting to do some capability-building work ***. SIS told us ***.

"***. So most of these countries are very aware of the threat, and are very keen to talk... about how we can work together. So that is quite a promising seam of activity ***."

The Agencies are working closely with overseas partners to tackle the China threat: they recognise that the UK can tackle the problem only by working with their international counterparts ***. We have also covered the Agencies' work with foreign services in our Inquiry on International Partnerships.