Page:IJAL vol 1.djvu/305

 NO. 4

��ABNORMAL TYPES OF SPEECH IN Q.UILEUTE

��mal type of speech are used either by the speak- er himself or by another person speaking of the individual whom such a speech-form intends to single out. In few cases only is the abnor- mal form used in direct address, the reason for this being too apparent to require any comment. In some instances the speaker himself refrains from using the appropriate affix, because such a use would constitute an admission of some deformity.

When speaking of SNAIL or of a cross-eyed and one-eyed person the prefix L- is placed before each word ; such individuals, when speaking themselves, also change all sibilants (s and c sounds) to i sounds. In this manner i is substituted for s or c ; L for ts and tc ; and L! for ts! or tc!. These forms are never used in direct address. The following examples may be given for the use of such forms of speech with SNAIL or a cross-eyed person as the speakers or persons spoken of.

L-ii'yali i SEE IT for si'yali

L-U'quli i PULL IT for cfquli

L-iLelU I INTEND TO DOIT for ttsJHi

L-d'xaiLaa WHERE is IT? for ay a$ tea 'a L-L!i\j/i'ti WORLD for tsH'qa'ti

When addressing a funny person, the prefix tck- is used ; when speaking to a small-sized man, a sibilant (s-) is placed before each word; in talking of a hunchback, the affix ts ! is em- ployed ; while the prefix tcx- refers to a lame person. Two other prefixes of this type were mentioned by Arthur Howeattle (tc-, ta/-)who could not, however, state definitely what kind of individuals they singled out.

Turning now to types of speech peculiar to mythological beings and animals, we find first of all the prefix sx- characterizing each word used by Qjwa'ti, the culture-hero of Quileute mythology (Students of Nootka linguistics will recognize in this being the Kwa'tiyat' ofNootka

��and Kwe'ti of Makah mythologies.) Thus Qlwa'ti is supposed to say,

��sx-qd'qal sx-ba'kutax

��TAKE IT ! for qa'qal

COME HERE! forhakutax,etc.

��In like manner RAVEN prefixes to each word a c-, as c-ki'taxaili i AM GOING, etc. His wife uses the prefix ts- and changes d and / to n and b to m. Here again I call attention to the fact that these abnormal forms are the only instances in Quileute where the nasals m, n, occur. These two nasals are foreign to this language, being always represented by b and d respectively. Examples illustrating abnormali- ties in the speech of Raven's wife may be given as follows :

ts-task GO OUT for task

ts-L/oxwa'nas OLD MAN for Lloxwa'das

ts-he tkuni i AM SICK for be'tkuli

ts-mo'yiikwatslo SOMETHING for bo'yakwa'tslo'

Furthermore, to all words used by DEER or employed when speaking of DEER there is added the prefix Lk-, and in such words all sibilants are changed to laterals. Thus I is changed to s or c; L is substituted for ts or tc; and L ! replaces both ts! and tc!. The examples follow.

ik-bawa 'yiika' DEER for hawa'yicka'

Lk-da'lkiya GIANTESS for Ja'skiya

Lk-Loyo'l SHOOT IT! for tsoxo'l ik-Libod HALIBUT HOOK for tcibo'd Lk-Lliqa'l KILL HIM! for tcliqa'l

Lastly, there are two devices in Quileute which imply a distinction in regard to the sex of the person addressed; one consisting of a prefix, and the other, of syntactic particles pla- ced at the very end of the sentence. These two devices may be the result of the presence, in this language, of sex gender. Thus whenever a man speaks to a woman directly or whenever one woman speaks of another woman who is

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