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Rh ferent openings will be discussed at length, in a later chapter.

Opposition. The possession, by the King, of a certain key square which forces the adverse King to take up a less favorable position. If the White King stands on K3, and the Black King on K8, then the King who has the move loses the opposition. The value of the opposition depends upon the number, value and position of the other Pieces and Pawns upon the board, but the student can not be expected to understand it until he has attained some skill in playing the game.

Passed Pawn. One that has no adverse Pawn in front of it, either on its own file or on one of the adjoining files.

Pawns. The name given to the inferior Chessmen which stand on the second rank at the beginning of the game.

Perpetual Check. A position in which the King finds, that by avoiding one check, he renders himself liable to another—a series of checks from which he cannot escape. For example; If the Black King