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 seconds black, and in five or six seconds gives off cloud of smoke. Then fan gently with hand and in a few seconds you will see a glowing coal in the middle of dust. Take about a teaspoonful of shredded cedar wood, previously prepared, wrap it in bark fiber or shredded rope, hold it on coal, and lifting tray and all, blow it until it blazes. Carefully add birch bark shreds or pine splinters, and your fire is made!

Figure 1 is a simple bow—a bent stick, about 27 inches long and 5/8 inch thick, with stout leather thong. In No. 2 thong at handle end goes through disc of wood to tighten by hand pressure against disc while using. Figs. 3 and 43 show drill sockets. No. 5 is a fancy one. Here (4-4a) is a soapstone socket let into wood and fastened with pine gum. Top of drill should be greased before using. It should be 12 to 18 in. long and about 3/4 in. thick, roughly eight-sided so thong will not slip. Best drill wood is old, dry brash, but basswood, white or red cedar, tamarack, and sometimes even white pine, will do.