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 to any large town or castle, inquiring if that were Jerusalem.'

This allusion is curious, inasmuch as it informs us that oxen were shod, and, as if something very remarkable, like horses. It is well known that oxen cannot travel far with the continuous oval-shaped horse-shoe; the armature for the foot must be in two portions, one for the outer margin of each claw. Guibert, however, may only have referred to the manner of nailing on an iron plate on cloven hoofs, as very unusual.

It is not until the 13th century that we find any positive record of special buildings for shoeing, and also for treating horses medically. In 1202 there are two entries for shoeing in a booth: 'Pro Travillis et pro circulis et pro vectura duorum ferratorum lx. s.' 'Pro merreno ad tres Travallos ferratorum et uno ferrati et pro duvis xliii. s.' In a charter for about the year 1302, a place of this kind is also notified as a 'Travaillium.' 'In which street was placed a certain travaillium (workshop, from the French travail), for the use of the smith to shoe horses in, which was and had been called a travaillium, and was placed and allowed to be retained there by our command.' And in England, in 1235, during the reign of Henry III.,