Page:Hobson-Jobson a glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive.djvu/516

JOSS-HOUSE. 464 JOWAULLA MOOKHEE. of the Chinese ports from the Portuguese, and then adopted from that jargon by Europeans as if they had got hold of a Chinese word. [See CHIN-CHIN.]

1659.—"But the Devil (whom the Chinese commonly called Joosje) is a mighty and powerful Prince of the world."—Walter Schulz, 17.

"In a four-cornered cabinet in their dwelling-rooms, they have, as it were, an altar, and thereon an image … this they call Josin."—Saar, ed. 1672, p. 27:

1677.—"All the Sinese keep a limning of the Devil in their houses. … They paint him with two horns on his head, and commonly call him Josie (Joosje)."—Gerret Vermeulen, Oost Indische Voyagie, 33.

1711.—"I know but little of their Religion, more than that every Man has a small Joss or God in his own House."—Lockyer, 181.

1727.—"Their Josses or Demi-gods some of human shape, some of monstrous Figure."—A. Hamilton, ii. 266; [ed. 1744, ii. 265].

c. 1790.—

1798.—"The images which the Chinese worship are called joostje by the Dutch, and joss by the English seamen. The latter is evidently a corruption of the former, which being a Dutch nickname for the devil, was probably given to these idols by the Dutch who first saw them."—Stavorinus, E.T. i. 173.

This is of course quite wrong.

JOSS-HOUSE, s. An idol temple in China or Japan. From joss, as ex- plained in the last article. 1750-52. — " The sailors, and even some books of voyages . . . call the pagodas Yoss-houses, for on enquiring of a Chinese for the name of the idol, he answers Grande Yoss, instead of Gran Dios." — Olof. Toreen, 232. 1760-1810.— "On the 8th, 18th, and 28th day of the Moon those foreign barbarians may visit the Flower Gardens, and the Honam Joss-house, but not in droves of over ten at a time." — '8 Regulations ' at Canton, from The Fanhcae at Canton (1882), p. 29. 1840. — " Every town, every village, it is true, abounds with Joss-houses, upon which large sums of money have been spent." — Mem. Col. Mountain, 186. 1876. — ". . . the fantastic gables and tawdry ornaments of a large joss-house, or temple." — Fortnightly Review, No. cliii. 222. 1876:— " One Tim Wang he makee-tlavel, Makee stop one night in Joss-house." Leland, Pidgin- English Sing-Song, p. 42. Thus also in "pidgin," Jo8S-house-ma?i or Joaa-pidgin-man is a priest, or a missionary. JOSTIOK, JOSS-STICK, s. lA sticli of fragrant tinder (powdered costus, sandalwood, &c.) used by the Chinese as incense in their temples, and formerly exported for use as cigar-lights. The name appears to be from the temple use. (See PUTCHOCK.) 1876.—" Burnee joss-stick, talkee plitty." — Leland, Pidgin-English Sing-Song, p. 43. 1879. — "There is a recess outside each shop, and at dusk the joss-sticks burning in these fill the city with the fragrance of incense." — Miss Bird, Golden Chersonese, 49. JOW, s. Hind. jhdu. The name is applied to various species of the shrubby tamarisk which abound on the low alluvials of Indian rivers, and are useful in many ways, for rough basket-maliing and the like. It is the usual material for gabions and fascines in Indian siege-operations. [c. 1809. — " ... by the natives it is called jhau ; but this name is generic, and is applied not only to another species of Tama- risk, but to the Casuarina of Bengal, and to the cone-bearing plants that have been introduced by Europeans." — Buchanan- Hamilton, Eastern India, iii. 597. [1840. — " ... on the opposite Jhow, or bastard tamarisk jungle ... a native . . . had been attacked by a tiger. . . ." — David- son, Travels, ii. 326.] JOWAULLA MOOKHEE, n.p. Skt. — Hind. Jwdld-mukhl, 'flame- mouthed ' ; a generic name for quasi- volcanic phenomena, but particularly applied to a place in the Kangra district of the Punjab mountain country, near the Bias River, where jets of gas issue from the ground and are kept constantly burning. There is a shrine of Devi, and it is a place of pilgrimage famous all over the Himalaya as well as in the plains of India. The famous fire-jets at Baku are sometimes visited by more ad- venturous Indian pilgrims, and known as the Great Jwala-mukhi. The author of the following passage was evidently ignorant of the phenomenon worshipped, though the name indi- cates its nature. c. 1360.— "Sultan Firoz . . . marched with his army towards Nagarkot (see NUG- GURCOTE) ... the idol Jwala-mukhi, much worshipped by the infidels, was situ- ated on the road to Nagarkot. . . . Some of