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 TREATY OF PEACE. 457 of Herat, and the countries of Affghanistan, and never to demand from the chiefs of Herat, or of the countries of Affghanistan, any marks of obedience, such as the coinage, or the "Khotbeh,*" or tribute. His Persian Majesty further engaged to abstain there- after from all interference with the internal affairs of Affghanistan. He promised to recognize the indepen- dence of Herat, and of the whole of Affghanistan, and never to attempt to interfere with the independence of those states. In case of differences arising between the government of Persia and the countries of Herat and Affghanistan, the Persian Government engaged to refer them for adjust- ment to the friendly offices of the British Government, and not to take up arms unless those friendly offices should fail of effect. The British Government, on their part, engaged at all times to exert their influence with the states of Aff- ghanistan, to prevent any cause of umbrage being given by them, or by any of them, to the Persian Govern- ment ; the British Government engaging, if appealed to by the Persian Government in the event of difficulties arising, to use their best endeavours to compose such differences in a manner just and honourable to Persia. In the case of any violation of the Persian frontier by any of the Affghan states, the Persian Government had the right, if due satisfaction were not given, to undertake military operations for the repression and punishment of the aggressors ; but it was to be dis- tinctly understood that any military force of the Shah Shah, by praying for him in the mosques.
 * "Khotbeh" refers to the public announcement of dependence on the