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 i6 HISTORY OF FRANCE. [chap. William, and together with him gained a great victory at Val-cs-Duncs near Caen, which fully established the power of the Duke. William married soon after Henry's niece Matilda, daughter of Baldwin, Cotint of Flanders, and the king of France was recommended by the Pope to take for his wife Anne, daughter of laroslaf, the reigning Grand Prince of Russia. 9. War with Anjou, 1051. — Henry called WiUiam to his aid against Geoffrey Mar/el, Count of Anjou. This family had risen into power about the same time as did the counts of Paris and produced many able men, but with a wild strain of fierceness about them which caused them to be much hated and feared. Henry took alarm at Geoffrey's victories over William, Duke of Aquitaitie and the sons of Odo, Count of Chartres, and with William's assistance defeated him several times. When Geoffrey became guardian of young Herbert, Count of Maine, called Eveille-Chiett, or W^ake-the-Dogs, a frontier war began which ended in Geoffrey's defeat upon the Sarthe, and Donifront and Alencon being taken by William. Henry, alarmed at his power, aided William, Count of Argues, an illegitimate uncle of Duke William, in a rebellion, but was again defeated, and finally, when in alliance with Geoffrey Martel, was routed at Varaville in 1058, after which peace was made. The king was in failing health, and wanted to secure the support of his vassals for his son Philip, who in 1059 was crowned at seven years old, the feudatories of the whole kingdom and the people of the county of Paris consenting in the cry, "We will it ; we promise it ; so be it." Henry had one other son Hugh, who afterwards became Count of Vermandois by marriage with the heiress. 10. Philip I., 1060. — Philip I. succeeded his father only a few months after his coronation, and was still a child when, in 1066, his great vassal, William of Normandy, gained the throne of England. The rivalry between France and Normandy henceforth grew into a rivalry be- tween France and England. Philip chiefly showed the feeling by idle, offensive, words, and William was never willing to make open war against his feudal chief ; but at last William, stung by Philip's jests, entered France, and burned Mantes, where the accident happened to which the great Conqueror owed his death in 1087. 11. Bertrade de Montfort, T092. — Philip nad no more ability than his three predecessors, and none of their piety.