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 4 HISTORY OF FRANCE. [chap. 5. Teutonic Attacks, A.D. 350. — The north-eastern , corner of Gaul was low, marshy, and full of rivers, o'er which the Teutons were continually coming to attack the • Gauls and their Roman masters and defenders. The Emperors now had often to live in Gaul to defend the land. Augusta Treveroruni or Trier then became an imperial city, but Julian ^yas fond of living at Lutetia or Paris, the first time that Paris seemed to be coming to the front. In the course of the fourth and fifth centuries, the Teutons had entirely overcome Gaul, Coilis in the south, BitrgiDidiaiis in the east, and Franks to the north, but without destroying the old population. Only " guests " of the conquering race were quartered on the native land- owner, and required him to feed them, lodge them, and give them a share of the produce. The walled cities kept up their old framework of self-government on the Roman model. The Goths and Burgundians were Arian Christians at the time of their settlement. The Franks were converted to the Catholic faith while in the act of conquest under their king CJilodovech or Chlodwit^, commonly called Clovis, the name which has been softened into Ludovictis in Latin and into Louis in French. Under Clovis and his sons the Franks won all Gaul and most part of what was then Germany ; but they specially gave their name to their older German land and to the part of Gaul where they really settled. South of the Loire, where the West-Goths and Burgundians had already founded Teutonic kingdoms, the Franks did not settle, but only made political conquests. But north of the Loire they really settled, though they never became the mass of the people. Hence this land took the name of Francia, Latin or Western Francia, as has been already said. The two parts of Francia were also called the Eastern or German, Austnuia or Austria, the eastern kingdom, and the Western or Gaulish, Neusiria, that is, the not-eastcrii or western kingdom. Of course the Frankish Austria has notiiing to do with the land further to the east which was afterwards so called, though both were called for the same reason. 6. The Merwings.— Under Chlodwig then, the first Chris- < tian king of the Franks and tiic conqueror of Gaul, a great Prankish power arose, of which it seemed that Paris was going to be the head. But the dominions of Chlodwig were divided amon>T his sons, and Paris became onlv one royal city among several. The history of the dcsccndaius