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 198 HISTORY OF FRANCE. [chap. kings. Talleyrand however saw so plainly that his c^use was desperate that he followed the king in his flight, and ev ^y prince in Europe was resolved t hat_ the foe of allsTTouirl not n^ynin establish himse lf. Every state raised its army on:e more, and Nap )leon, swift as ever, anl hoping to defeat them one by one, hurried to the Netherlands to over.vhelm the English and the Prussians before they could unite. There, on the 16th of June, 1815, he attac':e1 the Prussians at Z/>//y, and drove them back to Wavre ; but Nev was less successful at Quntre Brns against a division of the English under the Prince of (range. On the i8th, when Napoleon for the first time found himself personally opposed to the English under Wellington at IVaterloo. he found it im- possible to break their square'^ of infantry, and after a long day's fighting, his last reserve, the Imperial Guard, was completely bro-ken on the heights of St. Jean. The Prussians coming up made the rout of the French so com- plete that all that was left for Napoleon was flight to Paris at the utmost speed. His brother Lucian, coming to his aid in adversity, tried to rouse him to decided measures, but he was stunned and crushed, and as the enemy marched on Paris, he left with his brother another abdication in favour of his son. A provisional govern- ment was formed which reqiiired hi)p fo leave France a n5 '"go to Americ?!, and on the 7th of luly the allies agam entered Paris and restored Lewis XV'IIl. Buonapirte found it impossible to sail for America, as the port was guarded by British ships, and he vvas forced to surrender to Q aptain Mnitland of the Bellerofilion . While he was taken to Plymouth h irbour, the allies at Paris resolved to sen'l hi n to the lonely roc< of . SV. Helena, under the care of Sir Hiiifson Lowe, an English officer, who was to wat:^h him too closely for a fresh attempt at escape. Tiiere he spent si.x years of repining and petty strife with his keeper, dictating at times very striking recollections, half true, half false ; but his strength was breaking down un'ler the herediiHry malady of an internal cancer, and he died on the jth of M.iy, i82j_. I.cvvis A 111. nov'reigned again, but the boundiries of France were again slightly altered. She lost Chamb^ry and part of the Belgian frontier. Murat, who had de:lared war on Austria and lost his kingdom, made an attempt to regain it, but he was seized by the .Austrians and shon Ney, whose promises to Lewis XVI IL had made his