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 I04 HISTORY OF FRANCE. [chap. 26. War with England and Spain, 1557. — The Nea- politan Carlo Caraffa, who had just become pope as Paul IV., hated Spain for seizing his country, and in- vited Henry to follow the old French fashion of a raid into Naples ; but Henry sent in his stead the Duke of Guise. Long before his arrival however the pope was threatened by the Duke of Alva, the Spanish Viceroy of Naples, and found his guard would not fight, so that he was only saved by Alva's respect for Rome, which pre- vented any attack on the city. The Spaniards retreated as Guise advanced ; but the French were most insolent and offensive at Rome, and their former conduct was so fresh in the minds of the Neapolitans that Guise could gain nothing. Meantime Philip II., with Emmanuel Fili- bert, the dispossessed Duke of Savoy, entered France at the head of an army of Spaniards, Flemings, and English, the last as subjects of his wife. Queen Mary. He be- sieged St. Queniin, which, though ill-fortified and ill- provisioned, held out bravely under the Admiral of France Caspar de Coliguy, till the Constable de Mont- morency marched to its relief, sending Coligny's brother, the Sieur d'Andelot, to throw troops and provisions into the place. D'Andelot succeeded, but Montmorency was surprised by the Duke of Savoy and totally routed, being made prisoner, with half the nobles of France and all the artillery. The way to Paris was open, but Philip would not advance till St. Quentin was taken, and Coligny held out for seventeen days, thus giving the nation time to rally. Henry wrote to recall Guise from Rome, saying, " I hope the pope will do as much for mc in my need as I did for him." But Paul was in despair at losing the protection of the French army, and when the duke de- clared that no chains could keep him from his king, the pope broke forth, " Go, tlien, having done little for your king, less for the Church, and nothing for your own honour." But Guise, on his re;urn, at once restored the spirits of the French by a sudden attack on Calais, which he captured and restored to the crown of France. Thus, after more than two hundred years' possession, the last remains of the French concjuests of the English kings passed away, as the la^t remains of their Aquitanian heritage had passed away a hundred years earlier. 27. The Peace of Cateau Cambresis, 1 5 59. — At Grave- lines Guise was defeated, and Henry was forced to accept Philip's terms. France kept Calais and also the three