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 VI. 1 THE ITALIAN WARS. 95 the wife. All Navarre was now conquered by Ferdinand, except the small piece north of the Pyrenees, which was still held by the house of Albret. The English troops found that the wily Ferdinand only used them for his own purposes, and had no intention of attacking Guienne, and they returned home ; but in the meantime Henry VIII. had landed at Calais in 1513, and besieged Tcron- ennc. Relief was sent to the besieged, but was inter- cepted at Guines;cttte, where the French were put to such sudden confusion that the English called the en- gagement the Battle of the Spto's. In this war Maxi- milian, who had now taken the new title of Empei'or- clect, served as a volunteer on the English side. Terouenne fell, and Tournay was also taken ; and Lewis's ally, James IV. of Scotland, having met his death at Floitden Field, the king, beaten at all points, felt it time to make a peace. I 12. The Peace of Tournay, 1514. — Anne of Britanny, died in the beginning of 15 14; and, while giving her daughter Claude to Francis of Angouleme, Lewis offered his own hand to Mafy, the sister of Henry VIII., as the seal of peace he was arranging with him and with Maxi- milian. Tournay and Terouenne were to be ransomed, and the marriage took place ; but Lewis had been long in weak health, living by rule, and the wedding festivities were too much for him, and he died six weeks after his marriage, on the ist of January, 15 15. 13. Francis the First, 1515. — As Lewis left no son, the crown passed to his cousin and son-in-law Francis, Count of Angouleme, famous as Francis I. He was just twenty- one, handsome and spirited, and a hero of the chivalry of the time, but his selfish cunning mother, Louise of Savoy, whose darling he was, had trained him in vice and perfidy, which have indelibly stained him. He looked on an expedition into Italy as a sort of knight-errantry suited to a King of France. He inherited all the Italian claims of Lewis XII. ; but, while taking the titles of Duke of Milan, Count of Asti, and Lord of Genoa, he did not take that of King of Sicily. He collected his army, choosing as constable Charles of Bourboji, Count of Montpensier, who had just married Susan^ the only child of Anne of Valois and Duke Peter of Bourbon. Prosper Colonna was taken prisoner, but the Duchy of Milan was defended by the Swiss, and the French had to fight a severe battle v/ith them near Majip'nano, where 12,000