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RICHARD I

Born 1157, Began to Reign August 13, 1189. Died April 6, 1199. Reigned 9 Years.

Surnamed Coeur-de-lion, from his intrepid valour, succeeded, as the eldest son of Henry, to the English throne. Richard and the king of the French having assembled an army, amounting to 100,000 men, set sail for the Holy Land; having arrived, they immediately declared war, and gained victory after victory. Richard having gained a victory over Saladin, one of the renowned Saracen warriors, concluded a truce for three years; and returned in the disguise of a pilgrim through Germany, where he was taken prisoner by Leopold, Duke of Austria, who loaded him with shackles, and placed him in a dungeon, from which he was relieved on payment of a ransom of £100.000. His death was caused from a wound received by an arrow at the siege of Chaluz in Limousin.

Eminent in this reign:--Robin Hood ad Little John, the outlaws; Henry Fitzalwyn, first Lord Mayor of London.