Page:History of merchant shipping and ancient commerce (Volume 3).djvu/674

 France, in reply to Lord Palmerston, declines to have anything to do with Free-trade, p. 215, real object of war with Austria to advance her frontier to the Rhine, pp. 397-8  , since Charles IX., has had to depend on other nations for many neeessaries of life, p. 435  , Commercial Treaty of 1860, the result of the labours of Messrs. Cobden and Chevalier, p. 436  , its general conditions and effects, p. 437  , the great natural advantages of, not her armies, the true sources of her lasting greatness and happiness, p. 462  France, people of, probably not more than one million (out of thirty millions) depend for livelihood on French shipping, p. 439  Free-trade, Manchester and Liverpool at issue on this great question, pp. 134-5  , chief advocates of, before Mr. Ricardo's committee—Messrs. Lefevre, Macgregor, and Porter, pp. 136-40 Free-trade Party triumphant after dissolution of July, 1847, p. 158  Free-traders, many, lose their seats in Parliament owing to the vigorous action of the Shipowners' Society, p. 389  Freight, by the law of nations, considered to be the "Mother of Wages," p. 21 , enormous rise in, during 1853, and the causes thereof, pp. 296-7  French Assembly, under the influence of M. Thiers, reverse in Jan. and Feb. 1872 much of the law of 1866, p. 457  French Colonial Trade (Pacte Coloniale), special regulations for preserving and increasing, pp. 425-6  , three special rules for, p. 426  , regulations of, extremely disadvantageous to France herself, and hard on her colonies, pp. 426-7   substantially maintained, and more vigorously enforced by the French revolutionary leaders, p. 427  , measures adopted for, after the French Revolution, to be considered as war measures, p. 428  French Colonial Trade (Pacte Coloniale), many of the regulations of, exact copies of the old English ones, ibid.

, preserved with some modifications by all its Governments, p. 433

French Colonies, complaint of the chief, that they no longer derive any advantage from the Pacte Coloniale, p. 443 French Differential Duties known by the names of the surtaxes de pavillon and the surtaxes d'entrepôt, p. 432  French, Emperor of, letter to, by Mr. Lindsay, on the subject of the Navigation Laws of France, Jan. 10, 1861, Append. p. 582 French Export Houses constantly employ English shipmasters as giving them less trouble, p. 455  French Markets, after the peace, for some time supplied by the aid of foreign shipping, p. 431  French Mercantile Law of May 19, 1866, leading conditions of, pp. 446-7  French Mercantile Marine did not keep pace with French commerce owing to the baneful influence of Protection, p. 435   increased where in competition with that of other nations, p. 439   decreased under the operation of their Protective Laws, ibid.

so like the English as often to be called Les Actes de Navigation, p. 430

French Mercantile Marine Law, as amended, did not finally pass the Chambers till 1866, p. 445

French Navigation Law, the first, absurdly stringent under Charles IX., p. 422

, impartial law of July 3, 1860, with reference to, p. 443

French Ship, conditions entitling a vessel to this privilege, pp. 423-4

, no alien permitted to command, p. 424

, various enactments for securing the true character of, p. 429

Genoa, Consul at, reply by, to the Foreign Office Circular, p. 45

Gibson, Milner, Mr., gives the sanction of Government to Mr. Ricardo's motion, p. 88