Page:History of merchant shipping and ancient commerce (Volume 3).djvu/667



Advance notes wholly wrong in principle. We do not pay our servants their wages in advance, p. 542, less pretence in giving them to the sailor, than to the mechanic or house servant, ibid.

, proposal to make illegal, rejected by the House of Commons, ibid.

, comprehensive view of, by the Royal Commission on Unseaworthy Ships, p. 543

America, rapid progress of, in the first half of the present century, p. 1, reasons for this, pp. 2-3  , eighty years after the Declaration of Independence, rivals all other nations, in the amount of shipping, p. 3  , in 1860, owns more tonnage than the whole of the United Kingdom, p. 3, note

, distinct contracts for the sailors of, in the bank and cod, and whale fisheries, p. 9

adopts from other nations the laws best fitted for her condition, ibid.

, various regulations in, with reference to contracts between seamen and masters, pp. 9-10

, duties of mates in, much like those of other countries, p. 10

, in, masters of vessels are liable to actions of law if they enforce their authority too severely, ibid.

, regulations adopted in the courts of, for the duties of masters and mates, pp. 10-11

caused the first infringement of the principle of the old Navigation Laws, p. 99

, Protectionist farmers in, stop the importation of Canadian corn into, p. 126

America, the policy of, with reference to the English repeal of the Navigation Laws most important to ascertain, p. 212, general policy of, ever since her Independence, has been Protectionist, p. 213, note. , the dwellers in, on the sea-board of the States, very strongly Protectionist, p. 215  builds, in 1848, a new and very superior class of vessels for trade from New York to California, and thence to China, p. 289   declines the convention with reference to privateering, p. 407  American Captains, memorial of, in 1820, to Congress complaining of the differential duties levied by France, p. 4, and note. American Government had, for many years, to expend large sums for destitute seamen, p. 15  at once accepts the conditions of the repeal of the Navigation Laws, but withholds their own coasting trade, p. 286  American Law, careful provisions by, for all sailors employed in their ships, p. 11   considers the masters and owners of ships common carriers, p. 20   as applied to mercantile matters very nearly the same as the English, ibid.

expressly provides that merchant seamen shall have full opportunities of laying the complaints before their consuls abroad, p. 23