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 authorized the Company to exercise martial law in their ships at sea.

1630. A great naval battle near Surat, in which the Company's fleet was victorious over the Portuguese.

1635. The Company's fleet, under Sir Thomas Grantham, recapture Bombay.

The Company's fleet captured forty sail of Mogul ships at Ballasore.

1662. At the expiration of more than half a century after the commencement of the trade to India, men-of-war first sent out.

1690. The Company's ship Herbert fought a desperate action at Johanna against four ships of superior force, and beat them off, but in the moment of victory she unfortunately took fire and blew up.

1703. The Company's ships Chambers and Canterbury, in the Straits of Malacca, engaged in the night a French sixty-four and a frigate. The Canterbury was taken, but the Chambers gallantly renewed the action at daylight, and having crippled her opponents, escaped. The following is an extract from the commander's log: "To prevent all thought among my men of surrendering ye ship, and make ym desperate, I nailed the ensigne to the staff from head to foot, stapled and fore-cockt the ensigne staff fast up. I resolved to part with ship and life together."

1746. A French squadron, consisting of L'Achille, sixty-four, and two frigates, appeared off St. Helena to intercept the homeward-bound fleet. An Indiaman's long-boat was fitted out under the command of a midshipman, who succeeded in gaining the weather-gage of the enemy's squadron unperceived, and cruised for the purpose of warning the expected fleet. Six of the Company's ships fell in with the squadron, and maintained a running fight for several days, till they anchored in All Saints' Bay, where they were blockaded by L'Achille and her consorts, notwithstanding which, they ultimately escaped and reached England in safety.

1757. The Company's ships Suffolk, Houghton, and Godolphin fell in with two French frigates off the Cape, and after a smart action beat them off. The Court of Directors highly commended the conduct of the commanders, officers, and crews upon this occasion, and each ship received a gratuity of 2,000l. These ships were commanded by Captain Wilson, who was made commander of all the Company's ships, and appointed to the William Pitt, in which ship he discovered Pitt's Straits, 1759,