Page:History of merchant shipping and ancient commerce (Volume 1).djvu/720

 Pisa, long and bloody war with the Genoese for nearly two centuries, p. 522 Pliny, dread by, of the absorption of the precious metals for the useless luxuries of the East, p. 173  "Policie—Libel of English," curious poem so called, asserting England's right to the "dominion of the narrow sea," and notice in of the trade of England with Flanders, Prussia, Germany, Spain, Italian Republics, Iceland, &c., pp. 443-9  Polo Marco, effects of the travels of, and of Sir John Mandeville, on the enthusiastic spirits of the fifteenth century, p. 557  Ports of England, the chief, temp. Edward I., p. 407  Portuguese take care to keep to themselves the secret of the "Guinea Trade," p. 552 , maritime discoveries of, pp. 549-553  Probus, Emperor, wall of, 200 miles long, from Danube to the Rhine, p. 196  Ptolemy (the Geographer), by an error in longitude, places China 60° nearer Europe than it is really, Introd. p. xl  in error with respect to the size but not to the commercial importance of Ceylon, p. 148 , his account of India beyond the Ganges shows that it had been reached by navigators before his time, p. 149   places many "Emporia," or places of call for merchants, along the coasts of India, p. 151  Ptolemy, son of Lagos, first Greek ruler of Egypt, p. 58   carries out the designs of Alexander the Great with reference to Alexandria, pp. 58 and 101  Ptolemy (Philopater), description, in Athenæus, of his great ship, built probably for show rather than use, of his Thalamegus, and of other smaller vessels, pp. 60-64  Ptolemy Philadelphus builds the port of Berenice, on the Red Sea, and attempts to cut a canal from Arsinoe, on the Red Sea, to the Pelusiac (or eastern) arm of the Nile, p. 59  Pytheas, the first to make a voyage to the North, account of, in Pliny, p. 11   Rámáyana, description in, of the wealth of Ayodhya (Oude), p. 126  Reciprocity, Treaties of, and extension of maritime commerce under Richard III.,  1485, p. 459  Relics, disgusting purchase of, by ecclesiastics of the tenth and eleventh centuries, p. 368  Revenue and Expenditure, first accounts of,  421, pp. 452-3  Rhodian Maritime Law, remark of M. Aurelius relative thereto, p. 183   accepted by the Romans, and ultimately embodied in the "Rôles d'Oléron" and "Hanse Town Ordinances," p. 184  , the chief rule also for the ships of the Italian Republics, p. 502  Rhodians, their character as merchants and jurists, p. 181   the first to establish regulations for co-partnership, payment of officers, &c., p. 183  Richard I., Cœur de Lion, fits out an expedition in aid of the Holy Land (the Second Crusade),  1189, p. 375  , results of the expedition under, p. 378   Ordinances of, for seafaring men, Append. 2, p. 628 Richard II., strangely inconsistent and protective laws of, pp. 428-430  Robertson, Dr., remarks on the story of Sesostris's conquest of India, p. 124  Roman Commerce, its extraordinary extent and value under the first Emperors, pp. 177-180  Roman Commerce with the East, its general effect, the enriching a select few of the people, p. 173  Roman Empire, corruption and decay of, after the Antonine Princes, pp. 190-191  Roman Navy, chief stations of, at the commencement of the Empire, p. 164 , slow in construction and at first very rude, with a list of ships built and their fate, during the Punic Wars, pp. 165-6, note

Romans in early times averse to maritime affairs, and dependent on