Page:History of merchant shipping and ancient commerce (Volume 1).djvu/422

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well as inland towns, were not arranged by any systematic law. Thus, for no especial reason that can now be discerned, Chester was taxed far more heavily than any other city in the reigns of both William I. and his predecessor, Edward. Dover again paid 18l. annually, but the burgesses, who were required to provide twenty ships, carrying twenty-one men each, for fifteen days in the year, were exempted from all tolls throughout the country. Sandwich was placed on a similar footing, but only paid 15l. per annum. In Southwark, the king claimed a duty on all vessels entering the "dock," and levied a toll on those that used the strand for the delivering or loading of their cargoes. Colchester paid two marks of silver, and also, as a composition for the rent of six pennies on every house, 15l. 5s. 4d., of which 4l. was paid by the coiners. Yarmouth, which had seventy burgesses, was taxed to the extent of 27l. by toll to the king and earl. In Ipswich there were eight hundred and eight burgesses paying custom to the king, but the amount is not stated.

No determinate principle can now be discerned why such dues were exacted, small towns being in many cases required to pay more than others of double their size. In some places the taxes were paid in produce or merchandise—as, for instance, at Gloucester, where, besides 36l. levied in toll, the inhabitants had to contribute twelve gallons of honey, and one hundred iron rods to the king's ships, together with a few other petty customs. Again, Leicester had also to provide honey, and twelve burgesses to supply the king's army, and four horses