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xii CHAPTER III.

POLITICAL AFFAIRS.

1863-1885.

PAGE

Governor Wallace — Territorial Organization— Judicial and Legislative Matters — Acting Governor Daniels — Governor Lyon — Secession Sentiments — Crimes and Punishments — The Magruder Massacre — Vigilance Committees — Political and Highway Robberies — Acting Governor Smith — The Capital Question — Legislatures — Character of Lyon — Acting Governor Howlett — Governor Ballard— Gibbs — Marston — Curtis — Bowen — Bennet — Judges — Governor Thompson — Brayman — Neil — Bunn — Politics — Territorial Limits — Federal and Territorial Officers 442

CHAPTER IV.

THREATENING ASPECT OF AFFAIRS.

1861-1874.

Tribal and Territorial Divisions of the Aborigines — Attitude of the Nez Percé Nation — Gold Discovery on the Nez Perce Reservation — Council at Lapwai — Terms of Treaty Disregarded by the White Men — Aboriginal Diplomacy — Big Thunder and the Missionaries — Terms of the New Treaty — Claim of Eagle-from-the-light — Speech of Lawyer — Conference with Joseph 481

CHAPTER V.

INDIAN WARS.

1874-1878.

March of the Cavalry — Attitude of Joseph — His Opinion of Indian Reservations — Indian Outbreaks — Military Companies in the Field — The Governors of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho — Battle of Cottonwood — Jealousies between Regulars and Volunteers — Battle of Clearwater — Flight of Joseph — Battle of Ruby Creek — On Snake Creek — Surrender of Joseph — Another Indian Treaty — Disaffection of the Bannacks — Further Fighting — End of Hostilities 497

CHAPTER VI.

NATURAL WEALTH.

1865-1885.

Mining Prosperity and Reverses— Early and Later Developments— The Several Gold and Silver Mining Districts — The Snake River Region —Production— Base Metals— Iron Veins— Salt— Sulphur— Soda- Mica — Stone — Agriculture— Soil— Grasses and Grazing — Forests- Climate— Health— Boundless Possibilities 527