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first instance by reason of seniority or ordination, usually becomes president of the church. The office of the twelve is to preach and teach throughout the world, regulating the affairs of the church every- Avhere under the direction of the first presidency, calling to their aid therein the seventies.

An apostle may administer in the several offices of the church, particularly in spiritual matters. ^^ The office of a patriarch is to give patriarchal blessings; the office of a member of a seventy is to travel and preach the gospel; but a patriarch, a high-priest, a

president of the twelve, apostatized, and in 1838 Patten was killed, which left Y'oung at the head of the list, and he became president of the twelve. Geo. A. Smith was ordained iu 1S39, and Lyman Wight not long after. In 1844, according to Elder Phelps, the following names were on the roll: Young, Kimball, Parley P. Pratt, Hyde, ilichards, Taylor, William Smith, WoodrnfF, George A. Smith, Orson Pratt, Page, and Wight. During this year W'm Smith and Page apostatized, and were replaced by Amasa M. Lyman and Ezra T. Benson. Early in 1845, Young, Kimball, and Rich- ards were chosen to the first presidency, and Wight was disfellowshippcd for apostasy; the vacancies thus caused were filled by appointing Chas C. liich, Lorenzo and Erastus Snow, and Franklin D. Pdcliards. In 1S57, Geo. Q. Cannon was appointed, vice P. P. Pratt, deceased. In 18G7, Lyman was dropped and Jos. F. Smith appointed. In 1868, Geo. A. Smith became one of the first presidency, and Brigham Young, jun., succeeded him. Albert Carrington was appointed in 18U9 in place of Benson, deceased, and Moses Thatcher in 1879, vice Hyde, deceased in 1878; which left tlie twelve in the following order: John Taylor, Wilford Woodruff, Orson Pratt, Chas C. Rich, Lorenzo Snow, Erastus Snow, Franklin D. Richards, George Q. Cannon, Brigham Young, Joseph F. Smith, Albert Carrington, Moses Ihatcher, Pratt being the only remaining member of the original twelve. Jiiv. lust., xiv. 128-'J. The vacancies caused by the elevation of John Taylor to the presi- dency in 1880, with George Q. Cannon and Joseph F. Smith as councillors, were partially filled by the appointment of Francis M. Lyman and John H. Smith. S. L. Tribune, Oct. 11. 1880. Orson Pratt died Oct. 1881, and a year later Geo. Teasdale and Heber J. Grant M'cre elected. Hand-book of Ref., v9-90. Up to 1877, the twelve received no pay for their services; but the con- ierence of Oct. voted $1,500 a year to each apostle. 'This is the first sum that lias ever been publicly appropriated to any council of the church for the performance of their duties to the people. When I went to Europe in 1806, I borrowed the means and gave my note; on my return I had to pay back my indebtedness.' Richards' Narr., MS., 59-60.

" In 1845 was issued at New York and Liverpool, Proclamation of the Tweh-e Apost/cs of the Church of Jesjis Christ of Latter-day Saints; to all the Kings of the World; to the President of the United States of America; to the (Joiernors of the several states, and to the rulers and people of all nations, Greeting, ' Know ye that the kingdom of God has come,' etc. The tract goes on to say that 'Jehovah has been pleased once more to speak from the heavens,' by which means the apostleship of Christ has been restored, in preparation for his coming, which is now near at hand. Then are recited t!ie leading points of faith, with allusions to the history of the church, and calls to repentance.