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naountain air, with its invigorating embrace, the aged and infirm regained the elasticity of a second youth. Here was no rank vegetation, here were no stag- nant pools to generate miasma, no vapors redolent of death, like those amid which the saints encamped on the banks of the Missouri. In the valley were mineral springs, the temperature of which ranged from 36° to 150° of Fahrenheit, some of them being prized for their medicinal properties. From the warm spring ^^ in the vicinity of Salt Lake City, waters which varied be- tween 98° in summer and 104° in winter ^^ were con- ducted by pipes to a large bath-house in the north- ern part of the city.^°

'^8 The water was analyzed in 1851 byL. D. Gale. Its specific gravity was fovmd to be 1.0112; it was strongly impregnated with sulphur, and 100 parts of water yielded 1.082 of solid matter. The specific gravity of the hot spring in the same neighborhood was 1.013, and 100 parts yielded 1.1454 of solid matter. Detailed analyses are given in Stansbury's Expedition to G. S. Lake, i. 41 9-20. An analysis of the warm spring given by Joseph T. Kingsbury in Contributor, iv. 59-60, differs somewhat from that of Gale. Further in- formation on these and other springs and mineral waters will be found in Id., iv. 86-9; Hist. Nev., 17, this series; Salt Lake Weekly Herald, July 29, 1880; S. L. C. Tribune, Jan. 5, 1878; Wheeler's Surveys, iii. 105-17; HolUster's Re- sources of Utah, 83-5; Hardy's Through Cities and Prairie, 121; Burton's City of the Saints, 222; Sac. Union, Aug. 7, I860.

^^ Contributor, iv. 59. One of the brethren, writing to Orson Hyde from Salt Lake City, Sept. 10, 1850, says that the temperature stands, winter and summer, at about 92°. Frontier Guardian, Jan. 8, 1851.

^^ On Nov. 27, 1850, the warm-spring bath-house was dedicated and opened with prayer, festival, and dance, tjtah Early Records, MS., 116.

The material for the preceding chapters has been gathered mainly from a number of manuscripts furnished at intervals between 1880 and 1885. As I have already stated, to F. D. Richards I am especially indebted for his un- remitting effort in supplying data for this volume. The period between Feb. 1846 and the close of 1851 — say between the commencement of the exodus from Nauvoo and the opening of the legislature of Utah territory — is one of which there are few authentic printed records. From Kane's The Mormons, from Fullmer's E.rpulsion, and other sources, I have gleaned a little; but as far as I am aware, no work has yet been published that gives, or pretends to give, in circumstantial detail the full story of this epoch in the annals of Mor- monism. In the Utah Early Records, M.S., I have Ijeen supplied with a brief but full statement of all the noteworthy incidents from the entrance of Orson Pratt and Erastus Snow into the valley of the Great Salt Lake to the close of the year 1851. In the Narrative of Franklin D. Richards, MS.; the Remi- niscences of Mrs F. D. Richards, MS. ; Inner Facts of Social Life in Utah, MS., by the same writer; History of Brif/hain Young, MS., which is indeed a con- tinuation of the History of Joseph Smith, or the history of tlie church; Mar- tin's Narrative, MS. — I have been kindly furnished with many details that it would have been impossible to obtain elsewlaere. Some of them I have al- ready noticed, and others I shall mention in their place.

In Reminiscences of Preaident John Taylor, MS., we have an account of the migration from Nauvoo to Winter Quarters, the organization of the various