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At Salt Lake City and elsewhere throughout the country manufactures began to thrive. Isolated, poor, having brought little or nothing with them, these set- tlers were peculiarly dependent for necessaries and comforts upon themselves, and what they could do with their hands. And it would be difficult to find anywhere in the history of colonization settlers who could do more. Among them were many of the best of Europe's artisans, workers, in wood, iron, wool, and cotton, besides farmers, miners, and all kinds of laborers.

At Tooele and several other settlements grist- mills and saw-mills were established before the close of 1852.^^ Near Salt Lake City, a small woollen- mill was in operation.^^ At Parowan and Cedar City, iron-works were in course of construction; at Paragoonah, a tannery had been built; and at Salt Lake City, in addition to other branches of man- ufacture, flannels, linseys, jeans, pottery, and cutlery were produced,^^ and sold at lower prices than were asked for eastern goods of inferior quality. "Produce what you consume," writes Governor Brigham Young in his message of January 5, 1852; ''draw from the native elements the necessaries of life; permit no viti- ated taste to lead you into indulgence of expensive luxuries which can only be obtained by involving yourselves in debt; let home industry produce every article of home consumption."^^ This excellent advice

15 The first grist-mill built at Tooele was erected by Ezaias Edwards; in 1849 a saw-mill was built at Provo by James Porter and Alex. Williams, and in 1850 a grist-mill, by James A. Smith and Isaac Higbee. At American Fork Azra Adams built a grist-mill in 1851 ; at Mauti a grist-mill was built by Brigham Youn^ and Isaac Morley, and a saw-mill by Charles Shumway; in 1848 Samuel Parish built a grist-mill at Centre ville. Utah Sketches, MS., passim. In Salt Lake county there were, in the autumn of 1851, four grist- mills and five saw-mills. Utah Early Records, MS., 158. Near Ogden, Lorin Farr built a grist-mill and saw-mill in 1850. Stanford's Ogden City, MS., 3.

18 In March 1851 the general assembly appropriated §2,000 for this pur- pose. Utah Early Records, MS., 12.3.

1' 'Our pottery is nearly completed;. . .cutlery establishments are com- pleted.' Hist. B. Young, MS., 1851, 26.

"In Id., Nov. 6, 1852, similar advice is given to the saints: 'Buynoarti cle from the stores that you can possibly do without. Stretch our means, skill, and wisdom to the utmost to manufacture what we need, beg