Page:History of Sir William Wallace (1).pdf/82

 ( 82 ) The high range of mountains, which skirt the northern boundary of this county, were con- venient fastnesses to which the inhabitants might retire when driven from the town on castle and where they might safely shelter until an opportunity was afforded of rushing down upon the English foe. The natural fertility of the vallies, even in those days when agriculture was in her infancy in Scotland, affording luxuriant pastures and plenteous crops, became an object of envy to the invaders, and of importance to the proprietor. These vallies now present an agreeable surface, which is in a high state of cultivation; diversi- fied with lofty swelling knolls, Lovel meadows, gentlemen's seats, farm-houses, cottages open lawns, and wooded eminences; the greater part is inclosed with hedges or stone walls, and the produce is far more than sufficient to maintain the inhabitants; and it is highly probable that such was also its situation in Edward's reign. The noble family of Maxwell, Lord Herries, and Earls 'of Nithsdale, were possessors of the castle, and in some measure, lords of the town; and when this last family, through mistaken loyalty and religion, was attainted, it suffered a temporary decline. Thus Dumfries being one of the important keys to the west of Scot- land, it afforded a great ascendency to its possessors. in time of war between the ancient rival nations. Such was the case with Edward; and from this, among other acquisitions, the principal force