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438 had just sold the Review. He started the paper in March, 1899, sold almost immediately to C. E. Hicks, who changed the name to the Independent. This now gave the town two papers, the Record and the Independent. In 1901 James M. Johns, now publisher of the Record, purchased the Independent and consolidated the papers as the Record. This paper now held the field undisputed except for the Appeal, a little 11×16 sheet, which ran for about a year after its founding by S. A. Thomas in 1903.

The Arlington Independent, started by H. W. Lang in 1913 as an independent Thursday weekly, absorbed the Record. Mr. Lang changed the name of the Independent in 1921 to the Bulletin, whiclh he later sold to H. J. Simmons, with J. M. Cummins as editor and manager. In 1924 George Huntington Currey and Olive M. Currey took hold. In 1926 the paper was purchased by Raymond Crowder, who associated with him W. H. Ortman. After a year or so Mr. Crowder bought out his partner and with the exception of a year's lease (1933-4) to William P. Dunton, has since conducted the paper. In the opinion of Mr. Dunton, the present Bulletin is the lineal descendant of the old Riverside Enterprise, through the various consolidations, since at least part of the old plant has been used by the Bulletin or its ancestors since the very beginning.

The Bulletin was consolidated with the Boardman Mirror September 18, 1935. The Mirror was discontinued.

Moro.-Moro's first newspaper was the Observer, moved from Wasco in July 1891 by J. B. Hosford. Mr. Hosford associated with him E M. Shutt, who was in charge of the paper for several months, and on December i, 1892, Mr. Hosford leased the paper to F. M. Bixby. January 3 of the next year Clyde Williams took over the Observer for Mr. Hosford. Changes had been rapid on the newspaper in the last two or three years; but June 7, 1894, D. C. Ireland, then a veteran of thirty years in Oregon journalism, with his sons, C. L. and F. C., purchased the Observer, and remained with it until his death in 1913. In his salutatory Ireland invited "all men of a progressive and enterprising spirit irrespective of political preference to make the Observer office frequent visits, to the end that we may become well acquainted with one another."

Dissatisfaction with the Observer among some of the business men of Moro resulted in the launching, March 2, 1898, of the weekly Leader, a Republican eight-column folio, with L. H. Hunting editor. M. Fitzmaurice soon succeeded Hunting as editor. Then William Holder purchased the Leader and moved it, in April 1900, to Shaniko, where he launched the Shaniko Leader. For a time, in fact,