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 spelt an end to the era which he had represented — as he was, for instance, one rainy fall morning in 1 843, when the first great American migration arrived. The night previous, unbeknownst to him, the canoes and barges bearing the sorry men and young wives and babies of this train had drawn up on the shore above the fort. And in the morning, the tall doctor, when informed, had come down from the fort gate leaning on his gold-headed cane, and had bowed in his most courtly manner to the young ladies, and had shaken hands with the callous-palmed plowmen from Missouri and Il linois. And the voyageurs had stood looking on —their songs forever stilled in the increasing rumble of the wagon wheels on the Oregon Trail.

6 JOSEPH SCHAFER

Dr. Joseph Schafer was instructor and professor of history in the University of Oregon for 20 years, from 1900 to 1920. He is now superintendent of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin and editor of the Wisconsin Magazine of History. He has returned to Oregon frequently as a visiting professor of history in the University summer sessions, and, in 1933, was one of the speakers at the un veiling of the Harvey W. Scott statue in Mt. Tabor Park. He re ceived his undergraduate and graduate degrees, including that of doctor of philosophy, from the University of Wisconsin. He taught in high schools and in the North Dakota State Normal School be fore coming to Oregon. He is the author of numerous western essays, articles and addresses, and of several pamphlets and books, five of which relate to Oregon and the Pacific Slope: Government of the American People, 1901, with Frank Strong, and used for some years as a civics text in Oregon high schools; An Historical Survey of Public Education in Eugene, Oregon, pamphlet, 1901; History of the Pacific Northwest, 1905, 1918; The Pacific Slope and Alaska, 1905; The Acquisition of Oregon Territory, 1908; Jesse Applegate, Pioneer and State Builder, pamphlet, 1912; Prince Lucien Campbell, 1926. He is editor of California Letters of Lucius Fair child, 1931, and Jesse Applegate's A Day with the Cow-Column in 1843.

The Oregon Trail

From History of the Pacific Northwest, 1905

These facts tell the story of how the natural course of the Pacific Coast's development was changed by the magic of