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 580 GREAT BRITAIN AND AMERICA. Bradley, and Bosanquet. Among more recent investiga- tors in the field of psychology we may name Carpenter, Ferrier, Maudsley, Galton, Ward, and Sully {The Human Mind, 1892), and in the field of comparative psychology, Lub- bock, Romanes {Mental Evolution in Animals, 1883 ; Mental Evolution in Man, 1889), and Morgan {Animal Life and Intel- ligence, 1891). Among ethical writers the following, besides Spencer and Green, hold a foremost place : H. Sidgwick {The Methods of Ethics, 4th ed., 1890), Leslie Stephen {The Science of Ethics, 1882), and James Martineau {Types of Ethical Theory, 3d ed., 1891). The quarterly review Mind (vols, i.-xvi. 1876-91, edited by G. Croom Robertson ; new series from 1892, edited by G. F. Stout) has since its foun- dation played an important part in the development of English thought. German idealism, for which S. T. Coleridge (died 1834) and Thomas Carlyle (died 1881) endeavored to secure an entrance into England, for a long time gained ground there but slowly. Later years, however, have brought increasing interest in German speculation, and much of recent thinking shows the influence of Kantian and Hegelian principles. As pioneer of this movement we may name J. H. Stirling {The Secret of Hegel, 1865) ; and as its most prominent representatives John Caird {An Introduc- tion to the Philosophy of Religion, 1880), Edward Caird ( The Critical Philosophy of Immanuel Kant, 1 889 ; The Evolution of Religion, 1893), both in Glasgow, and T. H. Green (1836-82; professor at Oxford; Prolegomena to Ethics, lA ed., 1887; Works, edited by Nettleship, 3 vols., 1885-88).* In opposition to the hereditary empiricism of English philosophy — which appears in Spencer and Lewes, as it did in Locke, Berkeley, and Hume, though in some- what altered form — Green maintains that all experience is constituted by intelligible relations. Knowledge, there- fore, is possible only for a correlating self-conscious- ness ; while nature, as a system of relations, is likewise dependent on a spiritual principle, of which it is the ex- pression. Thus the central conception of Green's philoso- phy becomes, '* that the universe is a single eternal activity ♦ Cf. on Green the Memoir by Nettleship in vol. iii. of the tForks.