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 488 HEGEL. year a newspaper editor in Bamberg, and in 1808 went as a gymnasial rector to Nuremberg, where he instructed the higher classes in philosophy. His lectures there arc printed in the eighteenth volume of his works, under the title Propcedeutic. In the Nuremberg period fell his mar- riage and the publication of the Logic (vol. i. 1812, vol. ii. 1816). In 1816 he was called as professor of philosophy to Heidelberg (where the Encyclopcedia appeared, 1817), and two years later to Berlin. The Outlines of the Philos- ophy of Right, 1821, is the only major work which was written in Berlin. The Jahrbilcher fiir wissenschaftliche Kritiky founded in 1827 as an organ of the school, con- tained a few critiques, but for the rest he devoted his whole strength to his lectures. He fell a victim to the cholera on November 14, 1831. The collected edition of his works in eighteen volumes (1832-45) contains in vols, ii.-viii. the four major works which had been published by Hegel himself (the Encyclopcedia with additions from the Lectures); in vols, i., xvi., and xvii. the minor treatises; in vols, ix.-xv. the Lectures, edited by Gans, Hotho, Mar- heineke, and Michelet. The Letters from and to Hegel have been added as a nineteenth volume, under the editor- ship of Karl Hegel, 1887.* We may preface our exposition of the parts of the sys- tem by some remarks on Hegel's standpoint in general and his scientific method. defended the master {Apolcgie Hegels, 1858) against R, Haym {Hegel und seiti-e Zeit, 1857). and extolled him as the national philosopher of Germany (1870 ; English by G. S. Hall). Cf., further, theneat popular exposition by Karl Kostlin, 1870, and the essays by Ed. von Hartmann, Ueber die dialektische Methode, 1868, and Hegels Panlogumus (1870, incorporated in the Gesammelte Stiidien undAufsdtze, 1876). [The English reader may consult E. Caird's Hegel in Blackwood's Philosophical Classics, 1883 ; Harris's Hegel's Logic, Morris's HegeFs Philosophy of the State and of History, and Kedney's Hegel's yEstheticsin Griggs's Philosophical Classics; and Wallace's translation of the "Logic" — from the Encyclopcedia — with Prolegomena, 1874, 2d. ed.. Translation, i8g2. Prolegomena to follow. Stirling's Secret of Hegel, 2 vols., London, 1865, includes a translation of a part of the Logic, and numerous translations from different works of the master are to be found in the Journal of Speculative Philosophy. The Lectures on the Philosophy of History have been translated by J. Sibree, M. A., in Bohn's Library, 1860, and E. S. Haldane is issuing a translation of those on the History of Philosophy, vol i., 1892. — Tr.]
 * Hegel's Life has been written by Karl Rosenkranz (1844), who has also