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 CHAPTER XII. SCHELLING'S CO-WORKERS. In his period of vigorous creation Schelling was the center of an animated philosophical activity. Each phase of his philosophy found a circle of enthusiastic fellow-laborers^ whom we must hesitate to term disciples because of their independence and of their reaction on Schelling himself. Only G. M. Klein (1776-1820, professor in Wiirzburg), Stutzmann (died 18 16 in Erlangen ; Philosophy of the Uni- verse^ 1806; Philosophy of History, 1808), and the historians of philosophy Ast and Rixner can be called disciples of Schelling. Prominent among his co-workers in the philos- ophy of nature were Steffens, Oken, Schubert, and Carus ; besides these the physiologist Burdach, the pathologist Kieser, the plant physiologist Nees von Esenbeck, and the medical thinker Schelver {Philosophy of Medicine, 1809) deserve mention. Besides Hegel, J. J. Wagner and Fried- rich Krause distinguished themselves as independent founders of systems of identity ; Troxler, Suabedissen, and Berger are also to be assigned to this group. Baader and Schleiermacher were competitors of Schelling in the phi- losophy of religion, and Solger in aesthetics. Finally Fr. J. Stahl (died 1861 ; Philosophy of Right, 18305'^^.), was also influenced by Schelling. There is a wide divergence in SchelHng's school, as J. E. Erdmann accurately remarks, between the naturalistic pantheist Oken and the mystical theosophist Baader, in whom elements which had been united in Schelling appear divided. I. The Philosophers of Nature. Henrik Steffens * (a Norwegian, 1 773-1 845 ; professor in Halle, Breslau, and Berlin) makes individual development the goal of nature — which is first completely attained in Caricatures «f the Holiest, 1819-21; Anthropology, 182a, 468
 * Steffens : Contributions to the Inmr Natural History of the Earth, l8oi",