Page:History of Manchester (1771), Volume 1, by John Whitaker.djvu/556

 APPENDIX. u GAl'b 4 ftichbcweugh HORSELEY Richborough WM^ I—** Stukeley Richborough Reculver though not perhaps iirthe days of Somner, and certainly not in the days of Batteley, the interie&ions of the ftrects were plainly traceable among the corn of a neighbouring field, and the plow frequently threw- up Roman coins irt it (p. 240 and 241). And this town appears from Leland (vol, vii. p. 113. Hearne) and Camden together to have extended along the flope of the hill that faces Sandwich* There, fays the former particularly, -more Roman money rras been immemorially found and"is to this' day difcovered than on any fpot in the kingdom. — The cattle was without qu eft ion originally the ftation of the Roman garrifon before Rhutupse was ere&ed into a colony, and afterwards ferved folely, as it had partly ferved before, for a fecurity to the harbour. The walls of this caftlc*. the moft entire of any Roman walls in the kingdom, I fuppofe, except thofe at Silchefter,, and of which we have a view in Stukeley. fltin. Curiof. plate 97) and -a defcription both in Batteley {p. 17) and Stukeley (p. u8;, ftill ftood very lofty in 1769* an huddled compofition o£ flints pebbles and mortar, once faced (as the pre fen t not inconfiderable remains of the facing evince) with fmall ftones of a parallelogrammatick figure but dif- ferent in length and'breadth. The exterior furface of the wall is divided into (lories,. e*ch ftory comprizing feven courfes of facing ftone, and each being defined with two courfes of very thin fhort Roman bricks. The greateft height of the wall at.prefent is fix ftories and a half. And the uncommon height of the wall (hews plainly, that it could never have rifen much higher. But the wall towards the cliff is now wholly level with' - the ground, and perhaps always was nearly fo. — The town and caftle of Rhutupae muft bave funk in ruins as the fea retreated from them. The town, like Dover, followed the retiring waters. And Rhutupae defcending from its cliff, and fettling upon the fandy level of the old bay, affumed the new appellation of Sandwich. This evidently hap- pened in the earlieft period of the Saxon Settlement among us* Somner indeed could' not find the name of Sandwich in any coternporary writing till the year 979 (p. 15., Roman Ports in Kent). But it occurs in a writer who lived before Bede, Aeddi or.' Eddius Stephanus, and in the relation of a fad as early as 664. or 665, The famous • Wilfrid (fays the author) returning from his confecration in France, he and his company profpere in Portum Sandwich atque fuaviter pervenerunt (Vita Wilfridi c, 18. in Gale- torn, i.. See Bede lib. iv. c. 2*)« This daughter-town of the Roman Rhutupae muft bave ftood clofe upon the margin of the fea at its original ere&ion. But as the waters* continued to recede from the coaft, Sandwich found itfelf equally deferted with Rhutupae,. and was obliged to open an harbour through the fands of the (bore. This communicated with the fea betwixt Sandwich and Deal, is now denominated the Okl Haven, but is^ nearly filled up and appears merely as a ditch at prefent. The fea now lies-two miles- fr©m the town, and the mouth of the Stour, which muft formerly have been at that point,. of the aeftuary betwixt Thanet and Kent which is ftill denominated Sturc-mouth, is now the* only-harbour of Sandwich. Theie was therefore no river here in the time ?f ; *hei ^ Britons and the Romans*. And Camden 3 applauded etymology; of Rhutupat, Ruyd Tufithi Ca»