Page:History of Journalism in the United States.djvu/241

Rh the State Journal, in 1831, by Simeon Francis (and conducted by him until 1855) the publication of which has been uninterruptedly continued until the present time; and the Chicago Democrat, by John Calhoun, at Chicago in 1833. This last was later merged in the Chicago Tribune, the paper made famous by Joseph Medill, to whom we shall refer later.

In the northern section of the Northwest Territory, in what is now Michigan, the first newspaper appeared in 1809, in French and English. The first English paper in Detroit appeared in 1829 and was called the Northwestern Journal; it was later consolidated with the Detroit Advertiser and Tribune, now the Detroit Tribune. At the start, the Journal was a Whig paper, established by friends of John Quincy Adams to fight the Democratic party. To this, the opposition made answer two years later, in May, 1831, by the establishment of the Detroit Free Press, one of the country's famous and most successful newspapers.

As early as 1808 the first paper west of the Mississippi, the Missouri Gazette, was founded by Joseph Charles in St. Louis. The place was then a mere trading post, and it was announced that subscriptions were "payable in flour, corn, beef or pork."

This paper afterwards became the St. Louis Republic, one of the leading papers of the west. When the question of Missouri's admission to the union came up, the territory's newspapers, the Missouri Intelligencer, the St. Louis Gazette, the St. Louis Enquirer, the St. Charles Missourian and the Jackson Herald united in vigorous editorial objections to congressional restriction, showing that the pro-slavery element was stronger in the state than were those opposed to the extension of slavery.