Page:History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century Volume 1.djvu/151



an alliance, which lasted for more than one hundred and fifty years. They were reluctant to come under English rule after the expulsion of the French, but finally became reconciled and fought with the British through the war of the American Revolution.

In 1794, in alliance with other hostile tribes, they met General Anthony Wayne in battle and were defeated with heavy loss. In 1811 they are found fighting under Tecumseh at Tippecanoe, where they were again defeated by General Harrison. They joined the Pottawattamies in the massacre at Fort Dearborn in 1812 and were, with Black Hawk, allies of the British throughout the war. In 1816 they entered into a treaty of peace with the United States. In 1832 they joined Black Hawk in his war and at its termination were required to relinquish their lands in Wisconsin in exchange for a tract in Iowa known as the “Neutral Ground.” They were not compelled to remove to their new home until 1841. By the terms of this treaty the Winnebagoes were to be paid $10,000 annually for twenty-seven years, beginning in September, 1833. The government agreed also to supply them with certain farm implements and teams and establish schools for the Indian children, maintaining them also for twenty-seven years. The “Neutral Ground” was a tract forty miles wide extending from the Mississippi River to the Des Moines. The boundary line which had been established between the Sioux on the north and the Sacs and Foxes on the south in 1825, was agreed to by a council held at Prairie du Chien on the 19th of August of that year, in which William Clark and Lewis Cass were the commissioners on part of the United States, and the following tribes of Indians: The Sacs and Foxes, Sioux, Chippeways, Winnebagoes, Pottawattamies, Ottawas and Menomonies. The principal object of the treaty was to establish peace between contending tribes as to the limits of their respective hunting grounds in Iowa. In this treaty the line is described as follows: Beginning at the mouth