Page:History of Indian and Eastern Architecture Vol 1.djvu/465

 CHAP. V. CIVIL ARCHITECTURE. 411 CHAPTER V. CIVIL ARCHITECTURE. CONTENTS. Palaces at Madura and Tanjor Garden Pavilion at Vijayanagar Palace at Chandragiri. ALTHOUGH the Dravidians were extensive and enthusiastic builders, it is somewhat singular that till they came in contact with the Muhammadans all their efforts in this direction should have been devoted to the service of religion. No trace of any civil or municipal building is to be found anywhere, though from the stage of civilisation that they had attained it might be expected that such must have existed. What is, however, even more remarkable is, that kingdoms always at war with one another, and contending for supremacy within a limited area, might have been expected to develop some sort of military architecture. So far, however, as is now known, no castle or fortification of any sort dates from the Pandya, Chera, or Chola days. What is still more singular is that they have no tombs. They seem always to have burnt their dead, and never to have collected their ashes or raised any mounds or memorials to their departed friends or great men. There are, it is true, numberless "Rude stone monuments" all over the south of India, but, till they are more thoroughly investigated, it is impossible to say whether they belong to the Dravidians when in a lower stage of civilisation than when they became temple builders, or whether they belong to other underlying races who still exist, in scattered fragments, all over the south of India. 1 Whoever these Dolmens or stone circles may have belonged to, we know, at least, that they never were developed into architectural objects, such as would bring them within the scope of this work. No Dravidian tomb or cenotaph is known to exist anywhere. When, however, the Dravidians came in contact with the Musalmans this state of affairs was entirely altered, in so far, at least, as civil buildings were concerned. The palaces, the kacherts, the elephant - stables, and the dependencies of the 1 What I know on this subject I have already said in my work on ' Rude Stone Monuments,' pp. 455 et seqq. Conf. ' Archaeological Survey of Western India,' vol. i. p. 8, and plate ; ' Indian Antiquary,' vol, iii. pp. 53-54, and 306-308 ; vol. v. pp, I59> 2 55; and vol. vi. p. 230.