Page:History of Indian and Eastern Architecture Vol 1.djvu/234

 200 BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE. BOOK I. described by Portuguese visitors of the i6th century and by numerous travellers during the iSth. 1 Daniell's assistants made a large number of drawings for him in 1795-1796, that were never published. Careful measured drawings were made of all of them by the brothers West in 1853-1859; but except the inscriptions and an account of excavations at cave 12, scarcely any of their work was published. 2 A plan of one has already been given (Woodcut No. 101). It is a two-storeyed vihara, and one of the finest here, though it would not be considered remarkable anywhere else. Another, of which a representation is given in my ' Illustrations of the Rock-cut Temples,' plate 14, represents Avalokitej-wara with eleven heads the only instance I know of in India, though it is common in Tibet in modern times. 3 The others are generally cells, though a monograph of these caves would be a most valuable addition to our stock of knowledge of the development of Mahayana mythology, which is largely illus- trated in their sculptures. Traces of painting have also been found in some of them. DHAMNAR AND KHOLVI. There are no viharas at either of these places, which can at all compare, either in dimensions or in interest, with those already described. The largest, at Dhamnar, is that already given in combination with the chaitya, Woodcut No. 86, p. 165, and, though important, is evidently transitional to another state of matters. Next to this is one called the ' Great Kacheri ' ; but it is only a six-celled vihara, with a hall about 25 ft. square, encumbered by four pillars on its floor ; and near the chaitya above alluded to is a similar hall, but smaller and without cells. At Kholvi * there is nothing that can correctly be called a vihara at all. There is, indeed, one large hall, called ' Bhfm's house,' measuring 42 ft. by 22 ft; but it has no cells, and is much more like what would be called a .Sala at Bagh than a vihara. The others are mere cells, of no architectural importance. 5 1 Niebuhr, 'Voyage en Arabic et d'autres pays circonvoisins,' 1776-1780. Most of the plates referring to these caves were reproduced by Langles in his 1 Monuments d'Hindostan,' vol. ii. plates 77, et seqq. 2 Plates 53 and 54 in the volume upon the ' Cave Temples ' are from this collec- tion, which is now in the editor's posses- sion, and might be published. For some account of the caves, see ' Cave Temples,' pp. 348-360, and plates ; also ' Archseo- logical Survey of Western India,' vol. iv. pp. 70, 71, and plates 42, 43. 1 'Cave Temples,' plate 55, fig. 2, and p. 357 ; Schlagentweit, ' Buddh- ismus in Thibet,' plate 3 ; Griinwedel, ' Mythologie des Buddhism in Tibet u. Mongolei,' S. 65. 4 The Kholvi group is situated more than 60 miles north of Ujjain, that of Dhamnar about 22 further north, and deeper into the Central Indian jungles. 5 Plans of these caves, with descrip- tions and some architectural details, will be found in Gen. Cunningham's ' Archceo- logical Reports,' vol. ii. pp. 270-288, plates 77-84. But till those of Kholvi are photographed we shall not be able to speak positively regarding them ; the General's drawings are on too small a scale for that purpose.