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 of the natural condition. The second is called Sse (" worship," i.e. the Yajur-Veda); it relates to sac- rifice and prayer. The third is called Ping (" peace, regulation" i.e. the Sanaa- Veda); it relates to deco- rum, casting of lots, military tactics, and warfare. The fourth is called Shu (" arts," i.e. the Atharva-Veda) ; it relates to various branches of science, incantations, medicine. The teachers (of these works) must themselves have closely studied the deep and secret principles which they contain, and must have penetrated to their remot- est meaning. They then explain their general sense, and instruct their pupils in matters of detail. They urge them on and skilfully guide them. They add lustre to their poor knowledge and stimulate the dull. When pupils who are keen and intelligent are inclined to shirk their tasks and duties, the teacher repeats the lesson until they acquire it. When the students have finished their education and are thirty years of age, their character is formed and their knowledge ripe. When they have secured an occupation, they first of all repay their master for his kindness. There are some, deeply versed in antiquity, who devote themselves to elegant studies and live apart from the world, leading lives of self-abnegation. These come and go outside of the world and wander about apart from mundane things. Although as insensible to renown as to the con- tempt of the world, their fame is far spread, and rulers esteem them highly, but are unable to attract them to the court. The state honours them on account of their