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 DISLOYALTY AND REBELLION 143 eigners, Afghans, Persians, Khorasanis, and Mongols, whom the Sultan overwhelmed with costly gifts. These men had none of the old loyalty, such as it was, and it was from them, known as " the foreign amirs," that the revolts came which shattered the foundations of the empire. In the early years of his reign Mohammad Taghlak had ruled a state wider, larger, and more splendid than any of his predecessors. Whilst even the great Ala- ad-din struck his coins only at Delhi and Devagiri, the name and titles of Mohammad Taghlak shone upon the issues of the mints of Delhi, Agra, Tirhut (then called Taghlakpur), Daulatabad, Warangal (then called Sul- tanpur), Lakhnauti, Satgaon, and Sonargaon in Bengal. A contemporary writer gives a list of twenty-three provinces subject to the Sultan of Delhi, from Sivistan, Uchh, Multan, and Gujarat, by the Indus, to Lakhnauti in Bengal and Jajnagar in Orissa, and from Lahore near the Himalayas to Dvara-samudra and the Malabar coast. Never again till the time of Aurangzib did a king of Delhi hold so wide a sway. Piece by piece the empire dropped away. One province after another re- volted, and though the Sultan was usually victorious and punished the rebels without mercy, he could not be everywhere at the same time, and while one insur- rection was being crushed, another sprang up at the other end of his dominions. We hear of revolts in Mul- tan, in Bengal, in Ma* bar, and in Lahore; again in Mul- tan, then at Samana; now at Warangal and next near Oudh; at Karra and in Bidar; at Devagiri and in Gu-