Page:History of Greece Vol XII.djvu/21

 CONTENTS. rx (Sin ledge), the farthest of the rivers of the Punjab. His army refuses to march farther. — Alexander returns to the Hydaspes. — He constructs a fleet and sails down the Hydaspes and the Indus. Dangerous wound of Alexander in attacking the Malli. — New cities and posts to be estab- lished on the Indus — Alexander reaches the ocean — effect of the first sight of tides. — March of Alexander by land westward through the de- sert of Gedrosia — sufferings and losses in the army. — Alexander and the army come back to Persis. — Conduct of Alexander at Persepolis. Punishment of the satrap Orsines. — He marches to Susa — junction with the fleet under Nearehus, after it had sailed round from the mouth of the Indus. — Alexander at Susa as Great King. Subjects of uneasiness to him — the satraps — the Macedonian soldiers. — Past conduct of the satraps — several of them are punished by Alex- ander — alarm among them all — flight of Harpalus. — Discontents of the Macedonian soldiers with the Asiatizing intermarriages promoted by Alexander. — Their discontent with the new Asiatic soldiers levied and disciplined by Alexander. — Interest of Alexander in the fleet, which sails up the Tigris to Opis. — Notice of partial discharge to the Mace- donian soldiers — they mutiny — wrath of Alexander — he disbands them all. — Remorse and humiliation of the soldiers — Alexander is ap- peased — reconciliation. — Partial disbanding — body of veterans placed under command of Kraterus to return — New projects of conquests con- templated by Alexander — measures for enlarging his fleet. — Visit to Ekbatana — death of Ilephsestion — violent sorrow of Alexander. — Al- exander exterminates the Kosssei. — March of Alexander to Babylon. Numerous embassies which met him on the way. — Alexander at Baby- lon — his great preparations for the circumnavigation and conquest of Arabia. — Alexander on siiipboaid, on the Euphrates and in the marshes adjoining. His plans for improving the navigation and flow of the river. — Large reinforcements arrive, Grecian and Asiatic. New array order- ed by Alexander, for IMacedonians and Persians in the same files and companies. — Splendid funeral obsequies of Hephsestion. — General feast- ing and intemperance in tiie army. Alexander is seized with a danger- ous fever. Details of his illness. — No hope of his life. Consternation and grief in the army. Last interview with his soldiers. His death — Effect produced on the imagination of contemporaries by the career and death of Alexander. — Had Alexander lived, he must have achieved things greater still. — Question raised by Livy. about the chances of Al- exander if he had attacked the Ilomans. — Unrivalled excellence as a military man. — Alexander as a ruler, apart from military affairs — not deserving of esteem. — Alexander would have continued the system of the Persian empire, with no other improvement except that of a strong or- ganization. — Absence of nationality in Alexander — purpose of fusing the different varieties of mankind into one common type of subjection. — Mistake of supposing Alexander to be the intentional diffuser of Greek civilization. His ideas compared with those of Aristotle. — Number of new cities founded in Asia by Alexander. — It was not Alexander, but the Diadochi after iiim, who chiefly hellenized Asia. — How far Asia was ever really hellenized — the great fact was, that the Greek language be- came universally diffused. — Greco-Asiatic cities. — Increase of the means of communication between various parts of the world. — Interest of Alexander in science and literature — not great. 1 78-274