Page:History of Greece Vol XII.djvu/18

 I CONTENTS. Alexander passes Mount Taurus without tlie least lesistence. lie enters Tarsus. — Dangerous illness of Alexander. His confidence in the physician riiilippus, who cures him. — Operations of Alexatder in Kilikia. — March of Alexander out of Kilikia, through Issns, to Myriandrus. — March of Darius from the interior to the eastern side of Mount Amanus. Immense numbers of his army : great wealth and ostentation in it: the treasure and baggage sent to Damascus. — Posi- tion of Darius on the plain eastward of Mount Amanus. He throws open the mountain passes, to let Alexander come through and fight a pitched battle. — Impatience of Darius at the delay of Alexander in Kilikia. He crosses Mount Amanus to attack Alexander in the defiles of Kilikia. — He arrives in Alexander's rear, and captures Issus. — Be- turn of Alexander from Myrandrus: his address to his army. — Position of the Macedonian army south of the river Pinarus. — Position of the Persian army north of the Pinarus. — Battle of Issus. — Alarm and im- mediate flight of Darius — defeat of the Persians. — Vigorous and de- structive pursuit by Alexander — capture of the mother and wife of Darius. — Courteous treatment of the regal female prisoners by Alexan- der. — Complete dispersion of the Persian army — Darius recrosses the Euphrates — escape of some Perso-Gr^cian mercenaries. — Prodigious effect produced by the victory of Issus. — Etfects produced in Greece by the battle of Issus. Anti-Macedonian projects crushed. — Capture of Damascus by the Macedonians, with the Persian treasure and prisoners. Capture and treatment of the Athenian Iphikrates. Altered lelative po- sition of Greeks and Macedonians. — Alexaniie. mi Plienicia. Aradus. Byblus, and Sidon open their gates to him. — Letter of Darius soliciting peace and the restitution of the regal captives. Haughty re])ly of Alex- ander. — Importance of the voluntary surrender of the Phenician towns to Alexander. — Alexander appears before Tyre — readiness of the Tyrians to surrender, yet not without a point reserved — he determines to be- siege the city. — Exorbitant dispositions and conduct of Alexander. — He prepares to besiege Tyre — situation of the place. — Chances of the Tyri.ans — their resolution not unreasonable. — Alexander constructs a mole across the strait between Tyre and the mainland. The project is defeated. — Surrender of the princes of Cyprus to Alexander — He gets hold of the main Phenician and Cyprian fleet. — He appears before Tyre with a numerous fleet, and blocks up the place by sea. — Capture of Tyre by storm — desperate resistance by the citizens. — Surviving males, 2000 in number, hanged by order of Alexander — The remaining cap- tives sold. — Duration of the siege for seven months. Sacrifice of Alex- ander to Herakles. — Second letter from Darius to Alexander, who re- quires unconditional submission. — The Macedonian fleet overpowers ^he Persian and becomes master of the ^gean with the islands. — March of Alexander towards Egypt — siege of Gaza. — His first assaults fail — ne is wounded — he erects an immense mound round the town. — Gaza is taken by storm, after a siege of two months. — The garrison are all slain, cxcej)t the governor Batis, who becomes prisoner, severely wounded. — Wrath of Alexander against Batis, whom he causes to be tied to a char- iot, and dragged round the town. — Alexander enters Egypt, and occu- pies it without resistance — He determines on founding Alexandria. — His visit to the temple and oracle of Ammon. The oracle proclaims him to be the son Zeus. — Arrangements made hy Alexander at !Mem- phis — Grecian prisoners brought from the ^gean. — He proceeds tc Phenicia — message from Athens. Splendid festivals. Beinforcements sent to Antipater. — He marches to the Euphrates — crosses it without opposition at Thapsakus. — March across from the Euphrates to the Tl