Page:History of Greece Vol XII.djvu/16

 f CONTENTS. of hearing the news. — Siege of Thebes. Proclamation of Alexander Uetermination of the Thebans to resist. — Capture of Thebes byass-inilt jMassacre of the population. — Thebes is razed; the Theban captives sold as slaves; the territory distributed among the neighboring cities.—' The Kadmeia is occupied as a Macedonian Military post. Retribution upon the Thebans from Orchomenus and Platsea. — Sentiments of Alex- ander, at the time and afterwards, respecting the destruction of Thebes. — Extreme terror spread throughout Greece. Sympathy of the Athe- nians towards the Theban exiles. — Alexander demands the surrender of the chief anti-Macedonian leaders at Athens. Memorable debate at Athens. The demand refused. — Embassay of the Athenians to Alex- ander. He is persuaded to acquiesce in the refusal, and to be satisfied with the banishment of Charidemus and Ephialtes. — Influence of Pho- kion in obtaining these milder terms — his increased ascendency at Ath- ens. — Alexander at Corinth — obedience of the Grecian synod — inter- view with the philosopher Diogenes. — Re-constitution of Orchomenus and Plalsea. Return of Alexander to Pella. — Military operations of Parmcnio in Asia Minor against Memnon. 1-49 CHAPTER XCII. ASIATIC CA3IPAIGXS OF ALEXANDER. During Alexander's reign, the history of Greece is nearly a blank. To what extent the Asiatic projects of Alexander belonged to Grecian his- tor'. — Pan-hellenic pretences set up by Alexander. The real feeling of "the Greeks was adverse to his success. — Analogy of Alexander's re- lation to the Greeks — with those of the Emperor Napoleon to the Con- federation of the Rhine. — Greece an appendage, but a valuable ap- pendage, to Macedonia. — Extraordinary military endowments and ca- pacity of Alexander. — Changes in Grecian warfare, antecedent and contributory to the military organization of Macedonia. — Macedonian military condition before Philip. Good and firm cavalry : poor in- fantry. — Philip re-arms and re-organizes the infantry. Long Mace- donian pike or sarissa. — Macedonian phalanx — how armed and ar- rayed. — It was originally destined to contend against the Grecian hoplites as organized by Epaminondas. — Regiments and divisions of tho Phalanx — heavy-armed infantry. — Light infantry of the line — Hy- paspistae, or Guards. — Light troops generally — mostly foreigners. — Macedonian cavalry — its excellence — how regimented. — The select Macedonian Body-guards. The Royal Pages. — Eoreign auxiliaries — Grecian hoplites — Thessalian cavalry — Paeonians — Illyrians — Thra- cians, etc. — Magazines, war-office, and depot, at Pella. — Macedonian aptitudes — purely military — military pride stood to them in lieu of national sentiment. — Measures of Alexander previous to his departure for Asia. Antipater left as viceroy at Pella. — March of Alexander to the Hellespont. Passage across to Asia. — Visit of Alexander to Ilium. — Analogy of Alexander to the Greek heroes. — Review and total of the -Macedonian army in Asia. — Chief Macedonian officers. — Greeks in Alexander's service — Eumenes of Kardia. — Persian forces — Men- tor and Memnon the Rhodians. — Succession of the Persian crown — Ochus — Darius Codomannus. — Preparations of Darius for defence. — Operations of Memnon before Alexander's arrival. — Superiority of the