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 358 HISTORY OF GREECK. payments, abnegation of the festivals. Sometimes the one de- mand stands most prominent, sometimes the other ; but oftenesl of all, comes his appeal for personal service. Under such mili. tary necessities, in fact the Theoric expenditure became mis- chievous, not merely because it absorbed the public money, but also because it chained the citizens to their home and disinclined them to active service abroad. The great charm and body of sentiment connected with the festival, essentially connected as it was with presence in Attica, operated as a bane ; at an exigency when one-third or one-fourth of the citizens ought to have beeu doing hard duty as soldiers on the coasts of Macedonia or Thrace, against an enemy who never slept. Unfortunately for the Athe- nians, they could not be convinced, by all the patriotic eloquence of Demosthenes, that the festivals which fed their piety and brightened their home-existence during peace, were unmaintaina- ble during such a war, and must be renounced for a time, if the liberty and security of Athens were to be preserved. The same want of energy which made them shrink from the hardship of personal service, also rendered them indisposed to so great a sacri- fice as that of their festivals ; nor indeed would it have availed them to spare all the cost of their festivals, had their remissness as soldiers still continued. Nothing less could have saved them, than simultaneous compliance with all the three requisitions urged by Demosthenes in 350 B. c. ; which compliance ultimately came, but came too late, in 339-338 B. c. APPENDIX TO CHAPTER LXXXVIII ON TJIE ORDER OF THE OLYNTIIIAC ORATIONS OF DEMOSTHENES. RESPECTING the true chronological order of these three harangues, dissentient opinions have been transmitted from ancient times, and still continue among modern critics. Dionysius of Halikarnassus cites the three speeches by their initial