Page:History of Greece Vol XI.djvu/35

 ITALIAN CREEKS. S sessing the previous Tuscan proprietors. From thence, about 416 B. c., they reduced the neighboring city of Cumje, the most ancient western colony of the Hellenic race. 1 The neighboring Grecian establishments of Neapolis and Diksearchia seem also to have come, like Cumse, under tribute and dominion to the Cam- panian Samnites, and thus became partially dis-hellenised. 1 These Campanians, of Samnite race, have been frequently men- tioned in the two preceding chapters, as employed on mercenary service both in the armies of the Carthaginians, and in those of Dionysius. 3 But the great migration of this warlike race was farther to the south-east, down the line of the Apennines towards the Tarentine Gulf and the Sicilian strait. Under the name of Lucanians, they established a formidable power in these regions, subjugating the CEnotrian population there settled. 4 The Luca- 1 Livy, iv. 37-44; Strabo, v. p. 243250. Uiodorus (xii. 31-76) places the commencement of the Campanian nation in 438 B. C., and their conquest of Cumae in 421 B. c. Skylax in his Periplus mentions both Cumse and Ncapolis as in Campania (s. 10.) Thucydidcs speaks of Cumor as being iv '0/n/a'ct (vi. 4). 2 Strabo, v. p. 246. 3 Thucydidcs (vii. 53-57) does not mention Campanians (he mentions Tyrrhenians) as serving in the besieging Athenian armament before Syra- cuse (414-413 B. C.) He does not introduce the name Campanians at all ; though alluding to Iberian mercenaries as men whom Athens calculated on engaging in her service (vi. 90). But Diodorus mentions, that eight hundred Campanians were engaged by the Chalkidian cities in Sicily for service with the Athenians under Nikias, and that they had escaped during the disasters of the Athenian army (xiii. 44). The conquest of Cumic in 416 B. c. opened to these Campanian Sam- nites an outlet for hired military service beyond sea. Cumse being in its origin Chalkidic, would naturally be in correspondence with the Chalkidic cities in Sicily. This forms the link of connection, which explains to us how the Campanians came into service in 413 B. c. under the Athenian general before Syracuse, and afterwards so frequently under others in Sicily (Diodor. xiii. 62-80, etc). 4 Strabo, vi. p. 253, 254. See a valuable section on this subject in Nio buhr, Romisch. Geachichte, vol. i. p. 94-98. It appears that the Syracusan historian Antiochus made no mention either of Lucanians or of Bruttians, though he enumerated the inhabitants of the exact line of territory afterwards occupied by these two nations After repeating the statement of Antiochus that this territory was occupied