Page:History of Greece Vol XI.djvu/308

 282 HISTORY OF GRE1XT. Such wanderers, indeed, usually formed the natural emigrants in new colonial enterprises. But it so happened that few Hellenio colonies were formed during the interval between 400-350 B. c. ; in fact, the space open to Hellenic colonization was becoming more circumscribed by the peace of Antalkidas by the despotism of Dionysius and by the increase of Lucanians, Bruttians, and the inland powers generally. Isokrates, while extolling the great service formerly rendered to the Hellenic world by Athens, in setting on foot the Ionic emigration, and thus providing new homes for so many unsettled Greeks insists on the absolute ne- cessity of similar means of emigration in his own day. He urges on Philip to put himself at the head of an Hellenic conquest of Asia Minor, and thus to acquire territory which might furnish set- tlement to the multitudes of homeless, roving, exiles, who lived by the sword, and disturbed the peace of Greece. 1 This decline of the citizen militia, and growing aversion to per sonal service, or military exercises together with the contem- poraneous increase of the professional soldiery unmoved by civic obligations is one of the capital facts of the Demosthenic age. Though not peculiar to Athens, it strikes us more forcibly at Athens, where the spirit of self-imposed individual effort had once been so high wrought but where also the charm and stim- courses is delivered in the strongest language. See Orat. Panegyr. s. 1 95 roiif d' ^Trt ZEVTJC /jTa iraiSuv Kal yvvaiKuv ahuatiai, TroA/lcwf 6e Si' Ivdeia* ruv KO#' r/fiepav ktriKovpelv (i. e. to become an iiriKovpos, or paid soldier in foreign service) uvayKafrpevovf virep TtJv %dpwv rotf fa^otf [ia%o[iEvov{ 'ItrodvriaKeiv. See also Orat. De Pace (viii.) s. 53, 56, 58 ; Orat. ad. Philipp. (v.) s. 112. OVTU yap !>x i T T '1S 'EA/iuJoc, wore puov elvai avar/jaai crrpa- ronedov fieltyv Kal Kpeirrov IK TUV nTi.avuftevcJV T) ruv TTOLTF.VO/IEVUV, etc. also s. 142, 149; Orat. de Permutat. (xr.) s. 122. tv raZf trrparoTre- 6oif n^avufiEvoif KaraTerp^^evof, etc. A melancholy picture of the like evils is also presented in the ninth Epistle of Isokrates, to Archidamus, s. 9, 12. Compare Demosth. cont. Aristokrat. p. 665. s. 162. For an example of a disappointed lover who seeks distraction by taking foreign military service, see Theokritus, xiv. 58. 1 Isokrates ad Philipp. (v.) s. 142-144. irpof de rovrotf KTiaai woAejf lirl TOVTU T roTHf), Kal KaroiKiaai roi)f vvv uev TT?MVU[IEVOV<; 61' tvSsiav TUV Kerf? rjfii-pav Kal fopcuvofiEvovf olf &v h'rv^uatv. Ovf el fir) navaoftev adpot- f, /3iov avrolf IKOVOV Kopiaavret,, ^rjaovcnv r/f^uf TOffcvroi jsvofievoi f, VOTE /iJJcJev TJTTQV CLVTofrf e,W( o(3epoil$ TOlf " 8ao@upoi, etc.