Page:History of Greece Vol XI.djvu/264

 ^'38 HISTORY OF GREECE. <ve cannot make out clearly that any relief at all was sent from Athens. 1 If any was sent, it came too late. Equal tardiness was shown in the relief sent to Potidaea 2 though the siege, carried on jointly by Philip and the Olynthians, was both long and costly 3 and though there were a body ot Athenian settlers (Kleruchs) resident there, whom the capture of the place expelled from their houses and properties. 4 Even for the rescue of these fellow-citizens, it does not appear that any native Athenians would undertake the burden of personal service the relieving force despatched seems to have consisted of a gen- eral with mercenary foreigners ; who, as no pay was provided for them, postponed the enterprise on which they were sent to the temptation of plundering elsewhere for their own profit. 5 It was 1 In the public vote of gratitude passed many years afterwards by the Athenian assembly towards Demosthenes, his merits are recited ; and among them we find this contribution towards the relief of captives at Pydna, Methone, and Olynthus (Plutarch, Vit. X. Orator, p. 851). 2 Compare Demosthenes, Olynthiac i. p. 1 1. s. 9 ; Philippic i. p. 50. s. 40 (where he mentions the expedition to Potidoea as having come too late, but does not mention any expedition for relief of Pydna.) 3 Demosthenes cont. Aristokrat. p. 656. s. 128. rrpd^ vfjiif irofapuv, %pfj- uara noT^M avahuaaf (Philip, in the siege of Potidsea). In this oration (delivered B. c. 352) Demosthenes treats th'j capture of Potidrca as mainly the work of Philip; in the second Olynthiac, he speaks as if Philip had been a secondary agent, a useful adjunct to the Olynthians in the siege, TTU/.IV av TTjoof Horidaiav 'OAwi3fot{ favr) TI TOVTO owa j u06r?poi> i. e. the Macedonian power was Trpoa-&7jKTj nq ov aftiKpu. . . . The first repi'esenta- tion, delivered two or three years before the second, is doubtless the more correct. 4 Demosthenes, Philipp. ii. p. 71. s. 22. IloTidaiav (5' Ididov, rovf 'Ai9?;- vaiuv UTTOIKOVC ^/c/Ja/l/lwv (Philip gave it to the Olynthians), Kal rt/v psv IX&PUV Trpdf ijftiis avrbf avqpriTO, TTJV ^wpav d' EKeivoif tdeduKci napKovaftai, The passage in the Oratio de Halonneso (p. 79. s. 10) alludes to this same extrusion and expropriation of the Athenian Kleruchs, though Vocmcl -ind Franke (erroneously, I think) suppose it to allude to the treatment of these Kleruchs by Philip some years aftenvards, when he took Potidasa for himself. We may be sure that no Athenian Kleruchs were permitted to stay at Potidsea even after the first capture. 4 The general description given in the first Philippic of Demosthenes of the uiroffTohot from Athens, may doubtless be applied to the expedit'on for the relief of Potidsea Demosthenes, Philippic i. p. 46. s. 28. p. 53, s. 52. and the general tenor of the harangue.